Chapter 25 Section 3

Act of Supremacy

1534 Declared the king to be head of the English church rather than the Pope (created by Henry VIII)

List in chronological order by date the main legal decisions and treaties that contributed to the spread of Protestantism.

1534- Act of Supremacy making monarch leader of the Church in England 1534- Huguenots put posters all over Paris denouncing the Catholic Church 1547- emperor initiated a crackdown against Protestants in Germany that resulted in religious war 1598- Edict that gave Huguenots the freedom to practice religion in France 1600s- Protestant nations move toward self-government

edict

An official public order issued by a king or someone in authority

Huguenots

French Protestants

List three areas of European society strongly affected by the reformation.

Germany, Europe, Spain, France, Sc

How did Henry of Navarre end civil war in France? How was the Thirty Years' War resolved?

Henry converted to Catholicism in order to end his resistance to his crowning of king. By doing this many anti- Protestants were satisfied and the civil war ended. The Thirty Years' War was finally resolved by the Peace of Westphalia. This treaty allowed people to practice their own religion in private, even if it was different from the king's religion.

How did Henry VIII come into conflict with the pope?

Henry wanted the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, as she had yet to give birth to a surviving male heir. The pope refused. Henry was furious at having his power limited by the pope.

What caused the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

Margaret and Henry of Navarre, the leader of Huguenot's wedding. This was thought to bring peace but many outraged anti- Protestants in Paris killed some 3,000 Huguenots in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

Why did Philip II send an armada to attack England?

Philip wanted to get rid of the Protestant Queen Elizabeth and restore England to Catholicism. Elizabeth had been aiding Dutch rebels in the Spanish Netherlands,which was the richest province in the Spanish empire, even sending an army to help them.

How did the Thirty Years' War strengthen the monarchy?

The Peace of Westphalia which ended the war allowed people to practice their own religion in private, even if it was different from the king's religion.

federalism

a form of government in which power is shared between local and national levels

annulment

an official action canceling a marriage

armada

fleet of ships