Chapter 26: The Second World War

In 1936, Germany and Italy, recognizing their shared interests and similar governing ideologies, formed an alliance called the _______ that the Japanese eventually joined in 1940.

-Axis "The Axis powers would instigate the Second World War through their belligerence and imperial ambitions."

What was the operational name for the Nazis' invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941? (You do not need to type "Operation.")

-Barbarossa "Begun on June 22, 1941, the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union conquered vast amounts of territory and nearly succeeded in destroying the USSR."

The largest of the extermination camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau, was set up expressly for the purpose of mass murder. True or False

-False "Auschwitz started as a prisoner-of-war camp and was later expanded into an extermination camp."

In 1928, the League of Nations declared that war was an international crime. True or False

-False "The Kellogg-Briand Pact, not the League of Nations, made this declaration in 1928."

The Allies, and specifically Great Britain and France, first opened up a second front in Western Europe with the invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. True or False

-False "The second front opened up by the Allies in Western Europe was the invasions of Sicily and then Italy in the spring and summer of 1943."

Which assumptions underlay the policy of appeasement as pursued by the Western democracies in the 1930s?

-Fascism served as a bulwark against communism. -Germany harbored legitimate grievances against the Versailles Treaty. -Governments avoided doing anything to provoke war.

During the "Winter War" of 1939-40, the Soviet Union invaded the country of _____________, hoping for a quick victory. Instead, it encountered significant resistance and achieved victory only after several months of fighting.

-Finland "The Finns proved to the world that the Soviet army was not as strong as it appeared to be."

Match the country to its response to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.

-It remained neutral due to domestic political concerns: France -It remained neutral due to its anticommunist stance: Great Britain -It supplied the rebelling Spanish army with material and tactical support: Germany

Read the passage from President Truman's memoirs, then identify the statement that best expresses its meaning. I had realized, of course, that an atomic bomb explosion would inflict damage and casualties beyond imagination. On the other hand, the scientific advisors of the committee reported, "We can propose no technical demonstration likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to direct military use." It was their conclusion that no technical demonstration they might propose, such as over a deserted island, would be likely to bring the war to an end. It had to be used against a military target.

-The only way to convince the Japanese to surrender was to drop the atomic bomb on them "Truman justifies his decision to drop atomic bombs directly on Japan by saying that his scientists could provide him with no feasible alternative that would convince them to surrender."

The conquest of Poland in September 1939 demonstrated the efficacy of the German army's strategy of blitzkrieg or "lightning war." True or False

-True "Poles were stunned by the rapidity of the German invading forces and their country was conquered within a month."

Identify the policies pursued by Vichy France beginning in 1940.

-collaborating with the Germans -repudiating the republic -strengthening the authority of the Catholic Church

Match the country to its appropriate response to the Final Solution.

-resisted persecution and deportation of Jews: Italy -active cooperation in the roundups and detentions: France -persecuted Jews but resisted deportation: Hungary

Which of the following characteristics was not representative of Hitler's New Order as it emerged by 1942?

-uniform system of administration "Hitler's New Order was made up of a patchwork of provisional regimes—some territories were under direct military government, others under the control of fascist collaborators."

Following the German army's sweep into the Soviet Union in June 1941, death squads known as - swept through many Russian towns and villages. They were often joined by members of the - and generally rounded up entire populations, - the men and - the women. Ultimately, due to the number of Jews coming under Nazi control, Hitler's administrators started herding them into - where they were forced into starvation and disease.

1. Einsatzgruppen 2. SS 3. shooting 4. deporting 5. ghettos

Following the fall of the government of Neville Chamberlain in May 1940, Winston Churchill returned to power as the head of a - government. Churchill had two main strengths—first, he had a gift for -, which was apparent in his stirring speeches. Second, he had a talent for -, especially with the U.S. president Roosevelt. He persuaded the president to create a program called - that provided aid and weapons to Britain. At home, he also allowed - politicians to have important administrative roles, permitting the working class to feel fully a part of the war effort.

1. coalition 2. communication 3. diplomacy 4. lend-lease 5. labour

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the crisis over Czechoslovakia in 1938. After the annexation of Austria in March 1938, Hitler set his sights on Czechoslovakia, specifically the region known as - since it had a large number of ethnic German residents. He found a supporter in British prime minister - who saw Hitler's demands as part of a - effort to unify all Germans under one government. At the historic conference held in - in September 1938, Britain, Germany, France, and - ultimately agreed to Hitler's annexation of the Sudetenland, which ultimately whetted Hitler's appetite for more territorial conquest.

1. the Sudetenland 2. Chamberlain 3. nationalist 4. Munich 5. Italy

Click on all of the countries or territories, except neutral ones, that were still free from Axis or fascist control in May 1941.

Britain Russia Lithuania Palestine Egypt

Because the United States and Great Britain were not authoritarian states, they were unable to coordinate their industrial activity as efficiently, or produce the same volume of war material, as the fascist powers. True or False

False -"The United States, especially, produced more war material, and did so more efficiently, than any other country that fought in the Second World War."

Place the regions that Nazi Germany took full control of between March 1936 and September 1939 in chronological order.

Rhineland Austria Sudenland Czechoslovakia Poland "Hitler's strategy from 1936 to 1939 was to make territorial demands in the name of German nationalism, claiming that his sole objective was to unite all Germans under a single government—the Reich. As each success emboldened him, however, his demands grew increasingly untenable, ultimately forcing Britain and France to realize that only war would free Europe from the menace of Nazism."

Read the following passage from a petition from American scientists, then identify the statement that best conveys the meaning it expresses. The development of atomic power will provide the nations with new means of destruction. The atomic bombs at our disposal represent only the first step in this direction, and there is almost no limit to the destructive power which will become available in the course of their future development. ... The added material strength which this lead gives to the United States brings with it the obligation of restraint and if we were to violate this obligation our moral position would be weakened in the eyes of the world and in our own eyes.

the United States risks losing its international stature if it uses nuclear bombs indiscriminately