Chapter 27 Reproductive Test Practice Q's

The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________. a) 12 b) 23 c) 24 d) 46

46 The normal chromosome number in most body cells is referred to as the diploid chromosome number. In humans, this number is 46. The number of chromosomes in gametes is called the haploid number. The haploid number is half the diploid number. Thus, in humans, the haploid chromosome number is 23.

prophase I

Crossovers form

The main component of semen is sperm. True/False

False Sperm is actually a minor component of semen. Most (about 70%) of semen fluid volume is attributed to secretions of the seminal glands (vesicles)

The ovaries are situated retroperitoneally next to the kidneys. True/False?

False The ovaries are situated in the peritoneal cavity flanking the uterus.

telophase II

Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

__________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is associated with cervical cancer. a) Syphilis b) Genital herpes c) Trichomoniasis d) Genital warts

Genital warts

__________ stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). a) Inhibin b) Progesterone c) Estrogen d) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). a) Testosterone; sustentocytes b) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary c) Testosterone; anterior pituitary d) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); sustentocytes

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary In males, FSH stimulates sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP). In response to rising LH levels, testosterone is produced by interstitial endocrine cells.

anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes separate from one another

epididymis

Stores sperm cells

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the female sexual response? a) The female sexual response is similar to that of males. b) Female orgasm is not required for conception. c) Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido. d) The final phase of the female sexual response is orgasm.

Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido.

metaphase I

Tetrads align randomly along the cell's equator.

telophase I

Two genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

The __________ is shed during menstruation. a) stratum basalis b) stratum functionalis c) perimetrium d) myometrium

stratum functionalis

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in males? a) prostate gland b) testes c) scrotum d) penis

testes The primary sex organs, or gonads, are the organs responsible for gamete production. In males, the testes are the gamete-producing organs; in females, the ovaries accomplish this important function. The remaining structures of the reproductive system are called accessory reproductive organs.

vagina

thin-walled structure that connects the uterus to the body exterior

Tunica albuginea

white fibrous capsule on testes

interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells)

make testosterone

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________. a) acrosome b) tail c) head d) midpiece

midpiece The sperm midpiece contains many mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filament of the tail. The main role of the mitochondria is to provide energy for motility.

fimbriae

fingerlike projections that brush over the ovary

uterine (fallopian) tubes

generally the site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte

ovaries

house and form the female gametes

In response to warmth, the scrotum __________. a) pulls the testes closer to the body b) becomes heavily wrinkled c) decreases blood flow to the testes d) increases its surface area

increases its surface area

Choose the FALSE statement about oogenesis. a) In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized. b) In oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced. c) Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. d) Primary oocytes are stalled in prophase I until puberty.

In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized. Female infants are born with primary oocytes that are stalled in prophase I until puberty. At the onset of puberty, each month, one primary oocyte continues with meiosis I. During oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced. Oogenesis is achieved through meiosis. However, the ovulated secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II and does not complete meiosis II until it is fertilized.

Which of the following is true about meiosis? a) Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells. b) Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number. c) Meiosis involves only one cell division event. d) Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide.

Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number. Meiosis is used to produce haploid gametes. Most body cells divide by mitosis, not meiosis. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of cell division. Meiosis leads to the production of four genetically unique cells.

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally __________. a) basic b) acidic c) neutral d) alkaline

acidic

The __________ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation. a) areolae b) lactiferous sinuses c) alveoli d) lactiferous ducts

alveoli

pampiniform venous plexus

cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to __________. a) increased estrogen levels b) decreased estrogen levels c) decreased progesterone levels d) increased progesterone levels

decreased progesterone levels

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone? a) decreases sperm production b) maintains male libido c) maintains male secondary sex characteristics d) stimulates maturation of male sex organs

decreases sperm production

Which of the following are MISMATCHED? a) ovulation; release of a secondary oocyte b) follicular phase; development of a secondary oocyte within a dominant follicle c) ovarian cycle; monthly series of events associated with maturation of an egg d) luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels

luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels

The __________ develop into the female duct system. a) urethral folds b) mesonephric ducts c) gonadal ridges d) paramesonephric ducts

paramesonephric ducts The mesonephric ducts develop into the male duct system, and the paramesonephric ducts develop into the female duct system.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of estrogen? a) promotes diuresis (water loss) b) helps to sustain the density of the skeleton c) promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics in females d) promotes oogenesis

promotes diuresis (water loss) Estrogen does not promote diuresis (water loss), nor does it cause lactation. Progesterone promotes the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, promotes diuresis, and stimulates the production of viscous cervical mucus.

uterus

receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum

Seminiferous tubules

site of sperm production

Conversion of haploid spermatids to functional sperm is specifically called __________. a) mitosis b) meiosis c) spermiogenesis d) spermatogenesis

spermiogenesis During spermiogenesis, spermatids are converted to functional sperm: The spermatids lose excess cytoplasm, elongate, and form a tail. The resulting sperm (spermatozoa) have a head, midpiece, and tail