Chapter 27: The Reproductive System

33) Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte B) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow C) serves as the birth canal D) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse

A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

Corpus luteum

D

Early spermatids

D

Flagellum

D

24) Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum? A) labia majora B) labia minora C) clitoris D) vagina

A) labia majora

Urethritis in males

Gonorrhea

Area of compacted DNA

A

Location of nucleus

A

Stem cell

A

The stage called ovulation

A

20) If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? A) Twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur. B) Triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur. C) Half the diploid number with no change in development. D) There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.

A) Twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur.

7) During spermiogenesis ________. A) the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization B) the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for digestion of the excessive cytoplasm around the flagella of the developing sperm C) the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its pointy shape helps the sperm to move more efficiently D) the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because of its ability to propel the flagella moving the sperm through the female reproductive system towards the egg

A) the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization

16) Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen? A) the seminal vesicles B) the bulbourethral glands C) the prostate D) the pituitary

A) the seminal vesicles

Acrosome

B

Primary spermatocyte

B

Primordial follicle

B

6) All but one of the following statements are true regarding the differences between early and late spermatids. Select the answer below that does not reflect a difference between early and late spermatids. A) Early spermatids have not undergone spermiogenesis. B) Early spermatids have not undergone meiosis and are still diploid. C) Early spermatids have not formed a flagella. D) Early spermatids are round and have excessive cytoplasm.

B) Early spermatids have not undergone meiosis and are still diploid.

34) Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. C) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow. D) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.

B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.

44) Which of the following will occur after ovulation? A) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. D) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.

B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

11) The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill" contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because. A) The hormones create an acid condition in the vagina that acts as a spermicide. B) The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation. C) The hormones prevent the proliferative or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant. D) The hormones cause a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg.

B) The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation.

26) How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? A) They move close to the pelvic cavity. B) They move away from the pelvic cavity. C) Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum. D) Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm.

B) They move away from the pelvic cavity.

13) The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? A) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens. B) They regulate the temperature of the testes. C) They are responsible for penile erection. D) They contract to allow ejaculation.

B) They regulate the temperature of the testes.

41) Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A) blood levels of FSH fall off B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase D) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen

B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

19) The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. A) Graafian follicles B) fallopian tubes C) infundibula D) fimbriae

B) fallopian tubes

25) In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________. A) dizygotic B) genetically identical C) fraternal D) potentially of different sexes

B) genetically identical

36) Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH? A) ACTH B) inhibin C) ICSH D) GnRH

B) inhibin

22) The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________. A) mitosis B) meiosis C) cytokinesis D) DNA synthesis

B) meiosis

14) The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. A) gravity B) peristaltic contractions C) enzymatic activity D) hormonal action

B) peristaltic contractions

28) Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________. A) contraction of uterine muscles B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation C) proliferation of the uterine myometrium D) development of the female secondary sex characteristics

B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation

37) During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. A) LH reaches its highest levels B) progesterone levels are at their highest C) estrogen reaches its highest levels D) the Graafian follicle forms

B) progesterone levels are at their highest

First cells with n number of

C

Location of mitochondria

C

Mature follicle

C

Midpiece

C

Vesicular (Graafian) folicle

C

17) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) LH B) FSH C) GnRH D) testosterone

C) GnRH

30) Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. B) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. D) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.

C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.

3) Select the statement below that is false. A) A cell undergoing meiosis results in 4 cells while a cell undergoing mitosis results in two cells. B) Meiosis results in haploid cells while mitosis results in diploid cells. C) Meiosis occurs only in stem cells while mitosis can occur in any of the body's cells. D) Meiosis occurs only after the onset of puberty and produces genetically unique cells while mitosis occurs throughout an entire life time and produces genetically identical cells.

C) Meiosis occurs only in stem cells while mitosis can occur in any of the body's cells.

43) Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. B) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. D) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg.

C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.

1) All of the following things occur during meiosis I with the exception of one thing. Select the statement below that does not occur during meiosis I. A) The homologous chromosomes are separated from each other. B) A single diploid (2n) cell has become two haploid (n) cells. C) The sister chromatids are separated from each other. D) Portions of maternal chromosomes crossover with equivalent portions of paternal chromosomes.

C) The sister chromatids are separates from each other.

45) Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation? A) There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system. B) There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood. C) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. D) Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction muscles.

C) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

32) Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline B) vesicular follicle growth C) corpus luteum D) development of endometrial cells

C) corpus luteum

15) The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________. A) smoking B) a diet high in fat C) failure of the testis to make their normal decent D) sexually transmitted infections

C) failure of the testis to make their normal decent

27) Effects of estrogen include ________. A) increased oiliness of the skin B) deepening of the voice C) growth of the breasts at puberty D) growth of the larynx

C) growth of the breasts at puberty

42) The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced B) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell D) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only

C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell

39) Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis? A) hypothalamus B) anterior pituitary gland C) thalamus D) interstitial cells

C) thalamus

18) The genetic determinate for male reproductive development is ________. A) presence of testosterone B) inhibition of estrogen C) the SRY gene D) lack of an X chromosome

C) the SRY gene

21) Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________. A) about the same number of each is produced per month B) they have the same degree of motility C) they have the same number of chromosomes D) they are about the same size

C) they have the same number of chromosomes

Organsm responsible for up to half of the diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease

Chlamydia

5) Select the statement which is false. A) Further genetic variation typically does not occur after meiosis I. B) Meiosis II is essential the same process as mitosis except the starting cells are haploid (n). C) Meiosis II is essential the same process as mitosis except the genetic material will not replicate before division takes place. D) Crossing over is a source of genetic variability seen in meiosis while independent assortment is a source of genetic variability seen in mitosis.

D) Crossing over is a source of genetic variability seen in meiosis while independent assortment is a source of genetic variability seen in mitosis.

2) Which of the following statements is true of metaphase I of meiosis I? A) Tetrads align randomly on the spindle equator with all the maternal homologs on one side and all the paternal homologs on the opposite side. B) Joined homologous pair uniformly line up on the equatorial spindle with chromosome one at the top and chromosome 23 on the bottom. C) The sister chromatids line up randomly on the spindle equator with some maternal and paternal chromatids on both sides of the equator. D) Homologous pairs align randomly on the spindle equator with a mix of paternal and maternal homologs destined for each of the daughter cells.

D) Homologous pairs align randomly on the spindle equator with a mix of paternal and maternal homologs destined for each of the daughter cells.

38) Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A) The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8. B) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest. C) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.

D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.

4) Select the statement which is true regarding independent assortment. A) Its effects are significant in meiosis and in mitosis. B) It is a significant source of genetic variation that occurs in meiosis I and meiosis II. C) It only occurs in meiosis II. D) It is a significant source of genetic variation only during meiosis I.

D) It is a significant source of genetic variation only during meiosis I.

8) All but one of the events described below occur during spermiogenesis. Select the event that does not occur during spermiogenesis. A) Mitochondria form around the proximal end of the flagellum. They will provide the ATP to drive the motion of the flagellum. B) Excessive cytoplasm will be shed to reduce unneeded mass of the maturing sperm. C) The centrioles migrate to the posterior end of the developing sperm to form the microtubules that make up the flagellum. D) Mitochondrial DNA is packaged into the nucleus to be delivered to the egg during fertilization.

D) Mitochondrial DNA is packaged into the nucleus to be delivered to the egg during fertilization.

12) All but one of the following statements describes the necessity of the blood testis barrier. Select the one statement that does not describe a necessity of the blood testis barrier. A) Spermatocytes undergo meiosis only during puberty, well after the immune system has come to recognize "self" from "non-self" cells. B) Spermatogenesis produces new combinations of genes and chromosomes that results in unique antigens that the immune system may see as foreign. C) Foreign antigens produced by the newly formed sperm could initiate an autoimmune response against the developing sperm. D) Sperm can only be produced at temperatures lower than body temperature. Inflammation in the testis could raise the temperature too high to produce sperm.

D) Sperm can only be produced at temperatures lower than body temperature. Inflammation in the testis could raise the temperature too high to produce sperm.

9) All but one of the following statements is true with regard to the blood testis barrier. Select the one statement that is false. A) Sustentocytes form the barrier with tight junctions. B) The barrier separates the spermatocytes dividing by meiosis from exposing their unique antigens to the immune system. C) The barrier marks the border between the basal compartment and the adluminal compartment. D) The barrier is made up of astrocytes that surround blood vessels in the testis.

D) The barrier is made up of astrocytes that surround blood vessels in the testis.

40) Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? A) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer. B) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant. C) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation. D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.

D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.

10) All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function. A) The myometrium contracts to expel the fetus during child birth. B) The endometrium has a functional layer that the embryo will implant into. C) Its rhythmic, reverse peristalsis can propel sperm toward the egg. D) The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization.

D) The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization.

31) Erection of the penis results from ________. A) a sympathetic reflex B) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands C) dilation of the veins in the penis D) a parasympathetic reflex

D) a parasympathetic reflex

23) Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. A) ovary B) uterus C) vagina D) fallopian tubes

D) fallopian tubes

29) The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. A) spermatocytes B) spermatogonia C) sustentacular cells D) interstitial endocrine cells

D) interstitial endocrine cells

35) Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? A) stimulates the male pattern of development B) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis C) stimulates protein synthesis D) stimulates mammary gland development

D) stimulates mammary gland development

Primary follicles

E

Type B spermatogonia

E

A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

False

Extremely stressful physical activity in young females can result in excessive bone mass due to large amounts of estrogen production.

False

Female orgasm is required for conception.

False

Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

False

Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.

False

Sperm are ejaculates from the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

False

The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen.

False

The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FSH alone.

False

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.

False

The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote spermatogenesis is inhibin.

False

The primary function of the tests is to produce testosterone

False

The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems.

False

The stage in meiosis where chromosomal exchange takes place is telophase.

False

The testes are innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS only.

False

The testis is divided into seminiferous tubules which contain the lobules that produce sperm and the ejaculatory duct that allows the sperm to be ejected from the body.

False

When it is cold, the scrotum is pulled away from the body.

False

Human herpes virus type 2

Genital herpes

Human papillomavirus

Genital warts

Forms tetrads

Meiosis

Occurs in two stages

Meiosis

Produces four daughter cells

Meiosis

Produces haploid cells

Meiosis

One division consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Mitosis

Produces cells for growth and tissue repair

Mitosis

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis

A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environment temperature is the cremaster.

True

It is necessary for the testes to be kept below the body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation.

True

Sexually transmitted infections are the most important cause of reproductive disorders.

True

Sperm from the male parent determines the sex of the child.

True

The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix.

True

The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts.

True

The secretions of the bulbourethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.

True

The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material.

True

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.

True

The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.

True

When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm of the male.

True