Chapter 28

What is the anatomical function of the Septae ?

These are internal projections of Tunic Albuginea which divides the testis into 250 or so lobules.

Define Vestibule

a central space within the female external genitalia bounded by labia minora

What is the end result of Spermiogenesis

a single sperm called spermatozoon( a mature Spermatid) is produced.

Anatomically where are the Bulbourethal glands and what do they Secrete?

are situated at the base of the penis, and they produce a thick, lubricating alkaline mucus secretion.

What is the job of the Seminal vesicles in reference to secretion?

is a structure that produces a secretion that contains the following, High concentration of fructose, prostaglandins, Fibrinogen

What is the function of the Ductus Defference in reference to sperm movement

it is the function that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Define Myometrium

the muscular layer of the uterus

Understand egg production in reference to quantity from fetal to birth to adulthood

1.5- 2 million primordial follicles are in the female ovaries at birth 400 thousand primordial follicles are in the female ovaries by puberty

Define the spermatic cord.

They are paired structures extending between the abdominopelvic cavity and the testes.

define Secondary Amenorrhea

can be caused by severe physical or emotional stresses

What two muscles basically makes the Penis, one of them is the corpus spongiosum?

Corpora cavernosa

List 4 anatomical structures located with the Spermatic Cord.

Ductus deferens, Blood vessels, Nerves, Lymphatic vessels serving the testis

Within the Uterine Tube, understand fertilization location and time it takes the fertilized egg to reach the Uterus for inmplantation .

3-4 days for oocyte to travel from the infundibulum to the entrance of the uterine cavity

Anatomically understand the location of the round ligament?

Extends from the lateral margins of the uterus, and extend through the inguinal canal to the base of the exterinal genitalia

What occurs during menses?

Is triggered by a drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, the functional layer is sloughed off.

Define tunica Albugenia?

It is a layer of connective tissue rich in collagen fibers that surround the testis

What is the function of the Epididymis?

It monitors and adjusts the compostion of the fluids. It acts as a recycling center for damaged spermatozoa. It is the site for storing and maturation of sperm

What hormone stimulates interstitial cells, and what do they secrete?

LH Secrete testosterone and androgen

Anatomically where are the Preputial glands and what do they Secrete?

Located within the skin of the neck and inner surface of the prepuce. They secrete a waxy material known as smegma

Define Capacitation?

Normally occurs in two steps 1spermatozoa becomes motile when mixed with secretions of the seminal vesicles 2 spermatozoa becomes capable of sucessful fertilization with the egg

What are the Spermatocytes in reference to Meiosis?

Primary spermatocytes- these cells begin the process of meiosis Secondary Spermatocytes- Give rise to spermatids (formed at the end of Meiosis II)

What are the functions of the human reproductive system?

Produce, stores, nourishes, and transport

Understand the anatomical location of the efferent ducts.

Rete Testis connect with Efferent Ducts

Where does the sperm production occur?

Seminiferous tubules

Anatomically define the Rete Testis?

Straight tubules originating at the seminiferous tubules forming a maze a passageways.

Define glans penis?

The expanded distal (tip) portion of the penis which surrounds the external urethral meatus

Define broad ligament?

an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus like a blanket.

What is the function of the interstitial cells specially in reference to its production?

are responsible for the production of androgens, testosterone been the most important androgen and the most dominant sex hormones in males.

What is the end result of Miosis (or what is the final product) in the male?

four spermatids, are formed

Define Areola

generally dark, reddish brown pigment skin that surrounding each nipple

What is the Corona Radiata ?

innermost layer of cumulus oophorus cells

Define clitoris

internally, it contains a mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the labia minora

Define menstrual cycle and the average length of the uterine cycle in days.

is a repeating series of changes in the structure of the endometrium, that last 28 days in length.

What is the function of the uterine tubes?

is a structure that transports the ovum to the uterus

Define Vagina

is an elastic, muscular tube extending between the vestibule and the cervix, space bounded by the female external genitalia.

What is the function of the uterus?

is an organ that provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in reference to the ovarian cycle?

is responsible for primordial follicles to mature into primary follicles

define ejaculation?

occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions of the Ischiocavernosus and Bulbocavernosus muscle

What is the main hormone secreted by the Corpus Luteum during the Luteal or Secretory Phase?

progesterone

The declines in _________ and ________ levels that accompany the degeneration of the corpus lLuteum result in menses.

progesterone and estrogen

Define Labia Majora

prominent fleshy folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and adjacent vestibular structures.

In reference to sperm development, what is the function of the spermatogonia?

sperm develops from stem cells (first line)

For each primary spermatocyte that enters meiosis, four _______ are produced

spermatids

What occurs during secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

the endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion.

Define penis?

the external organ of copulation

Define cervix

the inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina.

Anatomically what is the Raphe?

the partition or external boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum

What happens to levels of LH and FSH during the male climacteric?

they rise

What does Emission begins ?

with the peristaltic contractions of the ampulla