chapter 28
Hetch Hetchy Valley (Identify the historical significance) a. Allowed for the irrigation of land in the southeastern part of the United States. b. The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. c. All choices are correct. d. This was a victory to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.
b
Lochner v New York (Identify the historical significance) a. A setback for labor reformers, this Supreme Court decision invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for factory workers. b. None of the choices are correct. c. It held that the "right to free contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Thirteenth Amendment. d. Set the standard for the 40 hour work week.
b
Meat Inspection Act (Identify the historical significance) a. A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. b. All choices are correct. c. The publication of Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants. d. It mobilized public support for government action.
b
Panic of 1907 (Identify the historical significance) a. A financial panic that gripped the United States in October 1907, triggering widespread bankruptcies and causing the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year. b. All choices are correct. c. Staunched only by J. P. Morgan's timely intervention, the panic eventually led to the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913. d. It was the last time that a major financial crisis was resolved by private means.
b
New Freedom (Identify the historical significance) a. Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign. b. Wilson's platform included stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. c. Wilson's strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulation of large trusts. d. All choices are correct.
d
Recall (Identify the historical significance) a. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove bills from the ballot. b. A conservative ballot procedure allowing voters to censure elected officials . c. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to cancel elections. d. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
d
Which of the following muckraker journalists is NOT correctly matched with the focus of his or her reporting? a. Samuel Hopkins Adams - fraudulent and dangerous medicines b. Upton Sinclair - abuses in the meatpacking industry c. Jacob Riis - the harsh conditions in New York's slums d. Ida Tarbell - the unscrupulous practices of the road industry e. Lincoln Steffens - political corruption
d
Which of the following objectives was NOT considered part of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal? a. controlling the corporations b. conserving America's natural resources c. providing consumer protection d. expanding America's international influence e. protecting business from extreme union demands
d
Why did many female progressives focus on issues like child labor, education, and urban housing? a. Their largely small-town backgrounds made them horrified by urban industrial conditions. b. They felt progress in these areas would win them more time for leisure pursuits. c. They thought that success in these areas would prove that they deserved the vote. d. They felt a strong identification with immigrants. e. They saw these issues as extensions of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
e
Muckraking journalist Lincoln Steffens set the pattern for many other progressive reporters with his report on what? a. The use of illegal drugs in popular patent medicines. b. The influence of big business in the United States Senate. c. Child labor and the white slave traffic in women. d. Corruption in American big cities. e. The business practices of the Standard Oil Company.
d
Muller v Oregon (Identify the historical significance) a. Coming on the heels of Smith v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers. b. All choices are correct c. Improved equal rights for women. d. A landmark Supreme Court case in which crusading attorney (and future Supreme Court justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.
d
Australian Ballot (Identify the historical significance) a. All of the choices are correct. b. A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices. c. Developed in Australia in the 1850s. d. It was introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.
a
Florence Kelley's efforts helped lead many states to end the practice a. child labor b. machine politics. c. yellow-dog contacts. d. the Australian ballot. e. segregation of public facilities.
a
Frances E. Willard (Identify the historical significance) a. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." b. None of the choices are correct. c. She promoted that all women should stay at home and do whatever their husband desired. d. Her ecumenical "do everything" reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like women soldiers while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with educational work.
a
Gifford Pinchot (Identify the historical significance) a. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. b. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Democratic ticket. c. A friend of William Howard Taft, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. d. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Ocean Research and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket.
a
Henry Demarest Lloyd (Identify the historical significance) a. Lloyd influenced such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey. b. None of the choices are correct. c. A muckraking journalist and reform leader whose book Wealth Against Commonweath (1894) excoriated the sins of the US Steel Company. d. Lloyd became one of the leading intellectuals behind the conservative movement.
a
How does the image depict religion? a. As a sham. b. As a comfort. c. As a necessity.
a
Ida Tarbell (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. Two years after her publication of "Mother of Trusts," she joined Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen White, and other muckrakers in purchasing The American Magazine, which became a journalistic podium in their campaign for honest government and an end to business abuses. c. In 1904 she earned a national reputation for publishing a scathing history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." d. The most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation.
a
Initiative (Identify the historical significance) a. A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot. b. None of the choices are correct. c. Promoted a socialist system of government. d. Like the referendum and recall, it took democracy away from the people and helped foster a shift toward big business politics.
a
Jacob A. Riis (Identify the historical significance) a. Danish-born police reporter and pioneering photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his 1890 book illustrated with powerful photographs, How the Other Half Lives. His work led to the establishment of "model tenements" in New York City. b. None of the choices are correct. c. Political thinker and journalist whose book The Promise of American Life (1910) influenced the New Nationalist reform platform of Theodore Roosevelt. d. A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children.
a
Muckrakers (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society. c. Were just early examples of what we would call investigative reporting today. d. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deeds of the trusts and helped spur the passage of reform legislation.
a
Pure Food and Drug Act (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. The more comprehensive Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 largely replaced this legislation. c. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in 1911 to strengthen it, aimed particularly at the patent medicine industry. d. A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.
a
The IWW Seeks Subscribers; 28-3 Political Progressivism, Image 28.6 The Granger Collection How does this image depict capitalism? a. As a system of exploitation. b. As an equitable economic solution. c. As a necessary evil.
a
What divided conservationists in the early twentieth century? a. The Hetch Hetchy incident. b. The Newlands Act. c. The creation of Yosemite National Park. d. The Forest Reserve Act. e. President Roosevelt setting aside 125 million acres in federal reserves.
a
What is a reasonable conclusion that can be made about the IWW's views? a. Wars are at the service of profit. b. Democracy is more equitable for workers than monarchy. c. Women should not work outside the home.
a
What reform program did Theodore Roosevelt advocate for during his Bull Moose campaign? a. New Nationalism b. Conservation c. New Freedom d. Socialism e. The National Progressive Republican League
a
What was the United States' first serious step toward conservation? a. The Forest Reserve Act. b. The Newlands Act. c. The building of the Hetch Hetchy dam. d. The creation of the federal Division of Forestry. e. The organization of the Sierra Club.
a
Which industry did the 1903 Elkins Act target? a. The railroad industry. b. The banking industry. c. The meat industry. d. The oil industry. e. The steel industry.
a
Which of the following statements best explain the difference between the platforms of Roosevelt and Wilson? a. Roosevelt had a much bigger commitment to banking reform than Wilson did. b. Roosevelt wanted a much larger amount of federal regulation than Wilson did. c. Roosevelt favored social welfare programs, while Wilson rejected such programs. d. Roosevelt favored an activist federal government, while Wilson held a laissez-faire view.
a
Dollar Diplomacy (Identify the historical significance) a. First applied to the financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. b. All choices are correct. c. Name applied by President Taft's critics to the policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad. d. President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his administration undertook comparable acts of intervention in support of U.S. business interests, especially in Latin America.
b
Florence Kelly (Identify the historical significance) a. This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. b. A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP. c. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." d. he most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation.
b
Payne-Aldrich Bill (Identify the historical significance) a. While intended to raise tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." b. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." c. None of the choices are correct. d. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Roosevelt angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed."
b
Progressives achieved a major political victory in 1913 with the successful passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which provided for which of the following? a. A progressive income tax. b. The direct election of senators. c. The prohibition of liquor. d. The end of the practice of gerrymandering. e. Women's suffrage.
b
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created primarily to a. create a political party to represent African Americans. b. fight discrimination in American legal courts. c. establish African-American universities. d. further the cultural advancements of the Harlem Renaissance. e. promote the "Back to Africa" movement.
b
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (Identify the historical significance) a. When it was later determined that the fatalities could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes—such as leaving the stairwell and exit doors unlocked. b. All choices are correct. c. On March 25, 1911, a ferocious blaze broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory in New York City, resulting in 146 worker deaths. d. The incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety.
b
Which of President Taft's initiatives infuriated former President Roosevelt? a. The practice of dollar diplomacy. b. An antitrust act against the U.S. Steel Corporation. c. The dissolution of the Standard Oil Company. d. The creation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. e. The Supreme Court's famous "rule of reason."
b
Which of the following arguments about Progressives could Muir's point of view best be used to support? a. They were concerned that suburbanization was causing metropolitan areas to expand too rapidly. b. They were supportive of federal regulation of the economy in order to limit the impact of industrialization. c. They were focused on ensuring the health of people rather than increasing the quality of the environment. d. They were advocates for the control of natural resources by corporations rather than the government.
b
Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? a. Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. b. Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. c. Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes. d. Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production
b
Why didn't President Roosevelt run for reelection in 1908? a. The Panic of 1907 had made him so unpopular that he could not be reelected. b. He felt bound by his 1904 campaign pledge that he would serve only one more term. c. He had already served two full terms and opposed the idea of a third term. d. His ill health convinced him he was unfit to stay in office. e. He felt that William Howard Taft deserved a chance to take the Republican Party in a different direction.
b
Wilson won an overwhelming electoral victory in 1912 with 82% of the electoral vote, but he did so with only 41.9% of the popular vote. Which of the following statements best explains why Wilson's electoral and popular vote margins were so different? a. Wilson was far more popular among regular Democratic voters than he was among local party leaders. b. The presence of another progressive candidate sapped some of Wilson's support in the popular vote but made it easier for him to win the most votes in nearly every state. c. Voters were strongly supportive of Wilson's style of leadership but much less supportive of the positions he took on the issues.
b
Thorstein Veblen (Identify the historical significance) a. None of the choices are correct. b. An eccentric Danish American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). c. An eccentric Norwegian American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). d. An eccentric German American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
c
All of the following were true of President William Taft except: a. He had established a good reputation as a lawyer and a judge. b. He was a poor judge of public opinion, and his candor made him a chronic victim of "foot-in-mouth" disease. c. His political skill was displayed during his successful battle to lower the tariff in 1909. d. He suffered from lethal political handicaps. e. He had none of the arts of a dashing political leader and none of Roosevelt's zest for the fray.
c
Both the Elkin's Act and Hepburn Act increased the government's ability to a. use federal troops to break strikes. b. limit child labor in mines and factories. c. regulate unfair business practices by railroads. d. limit the power of corrupt political machines. e. control the flow of immigrants into the United States.
c
Brownsville Affair (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. Following the shooting of two white men on August 13, 1906, residents of Brownsville, Texas, blamed the Mexican-American soldiers from the segregated 25th Infantry Regiment stationed at nearby Fort Brown. c. Roosevelt's actions disillusioned many African-Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased. d. Despite only tenuous evidence linking them to the crime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the honorable discharge of more than 150 of the "buffalo soldiers," stripping them of their pensions and barring them from employment in federal civil service jobs.
c
Elkins Act (Identify the historical significance) a. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1900. b. The Hepburn Act of 1915 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no's. c. Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. d. All choices are correct.
c
Hiram W. Johnson (Identify the historical significance) a. He is famous for declaring that "the first casualty when war comes is truth." b. In 1917 he entered the Senate, where he proved an isolationist in foreign affairs. c. All choices are correct. d. Elected Republican governor of California in 1910, Johnson oversaw numerous progressive reforms, including the passage of woman suffrage at the state level.
c
New Nationalism (Identify the historical significance) a. State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Woodrow Wilson during his presidential campaign. b. Roosevelt objected to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions. c. Roosevelt sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain. d. All choices are correct.
c
Referendum (Identify the historical significance) a. A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to remove a bill from the ballot, even if it was passed by the legislature. b. A conservative reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature. c. A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature. d. None of the choices are correct.
c
Robert M. ("Fighting Bob") La Follette (Identify the historical significance) a. He was a perennial contender for the U.S. Senate, keeping the spirit of conservatism alive into the 1920s. b. Hailing from Wisconsin, La Follette was one of the most militant of the progressive Republican leaders. c. All of the choices are correct. d. He served in the Senate and in the Wisconsin governor's seat.
c
The 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory directly resulted in the a. outlawing of sweatshops in New York. b. decline in political machines in New York. c. push for comprehensive safety laws. d. decline of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. e. the deaths of only female employees in the fire.
c
The excerpt could best be used to explain the significance of which of the following historical situations? a. The result of federal policies toward American Indian nations. b. The impact of segregation in the South. c. The role of journalism in reform movements. d. The challenges faced by immigrants settling in the West.
c
Which of the following is NOT an example of a political reform made during the Progressive Era? a. the recall b. the initiative c. the direct election of senators d. the referendum e. party nominating conventions
e
What essential theory was Theodore Roosevelt's Square deal based on? a. Americans should begin a gradual evolution toward a moderate form of democratic socialism. b. The government should side with workers in demanding higher wages and guarantees against illness or accident. c. The federal government should represent the public interest in the growing conflict between big business and labor. d. The government should own the means of production in order for business to operate most efficiently. e. Social and economic conflicts should be resolved without the intrusion of big government.
c
All of the following were included in Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform except: a. Protection for small business enterprises from monopolies. b. Banking reform. c. Stronger antitrust legislation. d. Tariff reductions. e. More government regulation of large trusts.
e
All of the following were true of dollar diplomacy except: a. By preempting investors from rival powers, New York bankers would strengthen American defenses and foreign policies while bringing further prosperity to their homeland—and to themselves. b. Bankers pumped funds into Honduras and Haiti to keep out foreign investment. c. Washington encouraged Wall Street bankers to send surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the United States, especially in the Far East and in the regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal. d. The almighty dollar supplanted the big stick. e. Taft proved reluctant to use the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad.
e
What spurred the Meat Inspection Act of 1906? a. The passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. b. Large meatpackers driving smaller competitors out of business. c. The mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals. d. Outcries from workers in the meatpacking industry. e. The publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.
e
True or False: Candidates committed to reform dominated the popular vote. True False
true
True or False: Wilson's support was strongest in the South. True False
true
