Chapter 28

Most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans? Select one: a. Sponges lack the specialized cell types needed to produce more complex body plans. b. Choanocytes must be protected from the hostile exterior environment. c. Spongin cannot support heavy bodies. d. The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge.

The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge.

Which of the following statements about insects is false? Select one: a. The trachea is part of the digestive system. b. Insects have a developed digestive system with a mouth, crop, and intestine. c. Insects have spiracles, openings that allow air to enter. d. Insects have both dorsal and ventral blood vessels.

The trachea is part of the digestive system.

While collecting specimens, a marine biologist finds a sessile Cnidarian. The medusas that bud from it swim by contracting a ring of muscle in their bells. To which class does this specimen belong? Select one: a. Class Hydrozoa b. Class Scyphozoa c. Class Anthozoa d. Class Cubozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Which of the following features does not distinguish humans as a member of phylum Chordata? Select one: a. Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage. b. The human coccyx forms from an embryonic tail. c. A spinal cord runs along an adult human's dorsal side. d. Human embryos exhibit pharyngeal arches and gill slits.

Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage.

How does segmentation enhance annelid locomotion? Select one: a. Segmentation allows specialization of different body regions. b. Segmentation creates repeating body structures so the entire organism functions in synchrony. c. Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement. d. Neural segmentation allows annelids to localize sensations.

Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement.

Cnidocytes are found in ___________________. Select one: a. Phylum Nematoda b. Phylum Nemertea c. Phylum Porifera d. Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Cnidaria

A mantle and mantle cavity are present in _________________. Select one: a. Phylum Nemertea b. Phylum Mollusca c. Phylum Adversoidea d. Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Mollusca

Which of the following statements is false? Select one: a. Pinacocytes can transform into any cell type. b. Porocytes control the flow of water through pores in the sponge body. c. Choanocytes have flagella that propel water through the body. d. Lophocytes secrete collagen.

Pinacocytes can transform into any cell type.

Mesohyl contains _______________. Select one: a. multiple pores b. a polysaccharide gel and dead cells c. a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for various functions d. spicules composed of silica or calcium carbonate

a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for various functions

Crustaceans are _____. Select one: a. parazoans b. ecdysozoans c. arachnids d. nematodes

ecdysozoans

The embryonic development in nematodes can have up to __________ larval stages. Select one: a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five

five

The rhynchocoel is a ________. Select one: a. circulatory system b. proboscis c. fluid-filled cavity d. primitive excretory system

fluid-filled cavity

Which of the following is not a key advantage provided by the exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods? Select one: a. provides mechanical support b. grows with the arthropod throughout its life c. protects internal tissue d. prevents dessication

grows with the arthropod throughout its life

Flies are ____________. Select one: a. crustaceans b. arachnids c. chelicerates d. hexapods

hexapods

Which group of flatworms are primarily ectoparasites of fish? Select one: a. trematodes b. cestodes c. turbellarians d. monogeneans

monogenaeans

The large central opening in the parazoan body is called the: Select one: a. osculum b. gemmule c. ostia d. spicule

osculum

Echinoderms have _____. Select one: a. radial symmetry b. triangular symmetry c. pentaradial symmetry d. hexagonal symmetry

pentaradial symmetry

Cubozoans are ________. Select one: a. polymorphs b. polyps c. medusoids d. sponges

polymorphs

The circulatory fluid in echinoderms is _____. Select one: a. water b. saline c. mesohyl d. blood

water

The nematode cuticle contains _____. Select one: a. nerve cells b. glucose c. skin cells d. chitin

chitin

Annelids have (a) __________________. Select one: a. true coelom b. no coelom c. pseudocoelom

true coelom

Which of the following statements about the anatomy of a mollusk is false? Select one: a. Mollusks have a radula for grinding food. b. The tissue beneath the shell is called the mantle. c. The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine. d. A digestive gland is connected to the stomach.

The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine.

The sister taxon of the Chordata is the _____________. Select one: a. Ambulacraria b. Mollusca c. Arthropoda d. Rotifera

Ambulascraria