chapter 28 quiz

The German torpedoing and sinking of the British liner Lusitania in ______ cost the lives of more than 100 Americans and brought the United States to the brink of joining the war in Europe.

1915

Hitler implemented his planned "Endlösung" ("Final Solution") of European Jews beginning in January ________.

1942

The ________ Amendment to the US Federal Constitution, passed in 1920, gave American women the right to vote.

19th

As part of the collectivization of agriculture launched in the Soviet Union, 3-5% of the "wealthiest" farmers, called _________, were "liquidated"—selected for execution, removed to labor camps, or resettled on other land.

Kulaks

Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union was:

a mixture of private and state investment in factories and small-scale food marketing by peasants

Japan portrayed its imperial bid in the Pacific in the 1930s as the construction of a "Greater East Asia __________ Sphere."

co-prosperity

The _________ of Vladimir Lenin, previously under persecution by the provisional social-democratic government, steadily campaigned against Russian involvement in what had become a highly unpopular war and launched a takeover in the capital of Petrograd, as St. Petersburg had been renamed at the start of the conflict.

Bolsheviks

In March 1918, in return for Russia's peaceful withdrawal from the war, the Treaty of _________ obligated Russia to hand over roughly one third of the Russian Empire´s population, territory and resources to Germany.

Brest-Litovsk

As Iraq was divided by majority Shiites and minority Sunnis, the ___________ inaugurated a policy of divide and rule in their Middle Eastern mandates, while dangling the prospect of eventual independence in front of them.

British

The Communist Party of __________ initiated the formation of a Popular Front coalition with the Socialist Party and others in 1936.

France

On June 28, 1914, members of a Bosnian Serb nationalist group assassinated the Austrian heir to the throne, _________, and his wife while they toured the Bosnian city of Sarajevo, thus unleashing the chain of events that would ultimately lead to World War I.

Franz Ferdinand

Among the exiles who returned with Lenin in 1917 were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin, the hardnosed son of an impoverished ___________ cobbler who had escaped exile in Siberia seven times before 1914.

Georgian

In the United States, businessmen such as ____________ financed research on how to prevent the reproduction of genetically "inferior" races.

Henry Ford

President Harry S Truman made the fateful decision to have two experimental bombs dropped on _________ on August 6 and 9, 1945.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Outside the Southern United States, _________ was the state that experienced the surge in racial tensions after World War I, with about 30% of the state's population (including the governor) members of the Ku Klux Klan in 1925.

Indiana

In 1929, the newly created _________ brought the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917 to an end.

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

The Mukden Incident of 1931 was engineered by the Japanese military to provide a pretext for the annexation of _________.

Manchuria

Estimates of those slaughtered in the brutal "Rape of _______" of 1937-1938 range between 200,000 and 300,000 people

Nanjing

____________ was a cultural movement that, associated with French-language writers like Léopold Senghor, fostered pride in African history, culture, and "blackness".

Négritude

Early pioneers of Zionism, like ________, advocated the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Theodor Herzl

Taking his cue from Mussolini's policies, Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler _________ of the Weimar Republic, purged the civil service of Jews, closed down all political parties except for the NSDAP, enacted censorship laws, and sent Communists to concentration camps.

abolished the federalist structure

Adherents to Benito Mussolini's "Fascist" movement, dressed in ______ shirts and organized in paramilitary units, roamed the streets and violently broke up meetings of Communists.

black

Germany, with its allies Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire made up what was known as the _________, at war with Great Britain, France, and Russia, the so-called Entente Powers or Allies.

central powers

Mussolini's Fascists claimed that they were inaugurating a "_______ state", which theoretically saw all sectors of society contributing in a systematic, orderly, and hierarchical fashion to the health of the whole.

corporate

"Lawrence of Arabia" helped the members of a prominent family, the ______ from Mecca, to assume leadership of the Arabs for a promised national kingdom in Syria and Palestine.

hashemites

Mao Zedong, a librarian by training, was an inspiring rural organizer, and he set about developing his ideas of revolution with the heretical idea of:

inviting peasants into the vanguard of his movement

Members of the "Harlem Renaissance" among African American artists and intellectuals felt that to be of African descent:

made one part of a larger and richer collective history extending beyond the history of slavery

Ending in February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad:

marked the turning point in the European war, with a Soviet victory

In March 1930, Mohandas Gandhi protested a British tax on Indian ______ by embarking on a famous 24-day march.

salt

In his struggle for Indian independence, Mohandas Gandhi pursued a strategy of "satyagraha" or "________".

soul-force

In 1919, the Indian National Congress called for full _________, or self-rule from Britain, and advocated nonviolent noncooperation.

swaraj

One of the most significant reasons for the continued stagnation of the British economy after World War I was:

that nearly half of its budget in the interwar period went to paying off debt from the war

The Schlieffen Plan, implemented by the Germans at beginning of World War I, came close to succeeding, but it ultimately failed, for all of the following reasons except:

the Netherlands intervened on behalf of its neighbor, Belgium, threatening to invade Germany

Under the premiership of General Tojo Hideki, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), _______, and Dutch and British territories on December 7-8, 1941.

the Philippines

Among the innovative measures enacted by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the "New Deal" were:

the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), charged with enforcing regulations and preventing a repetition of the Stock Market Collapse of 1929

Which of the following does not characterize the United States after the First World War?

the war industrial economy went into sudden collapse

From the very first, World War I was what is known as a _________, a conflict in which the belligerent parties engage in the complete mobilization of available resources in order to secure a military victory

total war