chapter 29

Freedom Riders

Activists who, beginning in 1961, traveled by bus through the South to test federal court rulings that banned segregation on buses and trains.

March on Washington (1963)

Civil rights demonstration on August 28, 1963, on the National Mall, where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964)

Congressional action that granted the president unlimited authority to defend U.S. forces abroad, passed in August 1964 after an allegedly unprovoked attack on American warships off the coast of North Vietnam.

Bay of Pigs (1961)

Failed CIA operation that, in April 1961, deployed a band of Cuban rebels to overthrow Fidel Castro's Communist regime.

President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the:

Great Society.

Medicare and Medicaid

Health care programs designed to aid the elderly and disadvantaged, respectively, as part of President Johnson's Great Society initiative.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Interracial organization formed in 1960 with the goal of intensifying the effort to end racial segregation.

In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:

Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers.

Economic Opportunity Act (1964)

Key legislation in President Johnson's 'War on Poverty' which created the Office of Economic Opportunity and programs like Head Start and work-study.

Voting Rights Act of (1965)

Legislation ensuring that all Americans were able to vote; the law ended literacy tests and other means of restricting voting rights.

Civil Rights Act of (1964)

Legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment, passed at the urging of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray shot and killed:

Martin Luther King Jr.

Black power movement

Militant form of civil rights protest focused on urban communities in the North and led by Malcolm X that grew as a response to impatience with the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King Jr.

New Frontier

Proposed domestic program championed by the incoming Kennedy administration in 1961 that aimed to jump-start the economy and trigger social progress.

Tet offensive (1968)

Surprise attack by Viet Cong guerrillas and the North Vietnamese army on U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in 1968 that shocked the American public and led to widespread sentiment against the war.

Great Society

Term coined by President Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1965 State of the Union address, in which he proposed legislation to address problems of voting rights, poverty, diseases, education, immigration, and the environment.

Silent majority

Term popularized by President Richard Nixon to describe the great majority of American voters who did not express their political opinions publicly -- 'the non-demonstrators.'

1968 Chicago Democratic National Convention

The meeting of Democratic delegates in Chicago to nominate a candidate for the 1968 presidential elections, which were marred by violent anti-war protests.

Cuban missile crisis (1962)

Thirteen-day U.S.-Soviet standoff in October 1962, sparked by the discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba; the crisis was the closest the world has come to nuclear war since 1945.

Berlin Wall

Twenty-seven-mile-long concrete wall constructed in 1961 by East German authorities to stop the flow of East Germans fleeing to West Berlin.

By 1967, public opposition to the war was especially strong among:

college students.

In his Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Martin Luther King Jr.:

declared his willingness to break unjust laws.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965:

dramatically expanded black votes in the South.

From the beginning of his presidency, Kennedy vigorously supported black civil rights.

false

Jack Ruby was charged with assassinating President John F. Kennedy, but doubts about his guilt linger.

false

The person most persuasive in getting President Kennedy to endorse civil rights would have been:

his brother, Robert.

Beginning with Watts, the major race riots of 1965 and 1966:

occurred largely in urban areas.In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:

During the 1964 campaign, Republican nominee Barry Goldwater:

offered a sharply conservative alternative to Johnson's policies.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964:

outlawed segregation in public facilities.

Richard Nixon:

possessed a shrewd intelligence and a compulsive love for combative politics.

Malcolm X:

said blacks should be proud of their African heritage.

When Alabama governor George Wallace was ordered by federal marshals to stand aside from the doorway at the University of Alabama so that black students could enter, Wallace:

stood aside.

All of the following are true of the Kennedy assassination EXCEPT:

the Warren Commission concluded there may have been multiple gunmen.

Johnson's Medicare program provided medical benefits to:

the elderly

The protest tactic initiated by black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was:

the sit-in.

Lyndon Johnson's domestic program was called the Great Society.

true

The Viet Cong were the rebel army in South Vietnam.

true