Chapter 3-4 Quiz

Visual acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of ____ in the region. a. peripheral cells b. cones c. rods d. bipolar cells

b. cones

When you moved an index card close to your eyes, one of the marks on the card appeared to disappear. This is due to what portion of your retina? a. blind spot b. lens insufficieny c. aqueous humor d. fovea centralis

a. blind spot

Which structure in the front of the eye dilates and constricts to determine how much light will be allowed to get into the eye? a. iris b. sclera c. retina d. cornea

a. iris

After moving to Nebraska, Bobbi did not notice any distracting sounds. As time passed she became more and more aware of the loud chirping of cicadas in her back yard. What is this an example of? a. Just noticeable difference b. Absolute threshold c. Sensory (positive) adaptation d. Subliminal stimulation

c. Sensory (positive) adaptation

When a person focuses their consciousness on a particular stimulus, they are utilizing a. repression b. selective attention c. cognitive dissonance. d. countertransference.

b. selective attention

One night when Denzel was four years old he was sleeping soundly in his bed when he started screaming and thrashing about. His parents rushed to his side but could never fully wake him up. The next day he had no recollection of the event. Denzel most likely experienced a(n) _____. a. apnea b. sleep paralyses c. nightmare d. sleep terror

d. sleep terror

In the context of the human eye (as well as little kitties), the size of the__________is activated by the sympathetic nervous system and is sensitive to emotions. a. retina b. cornea c. optic nerve d. pupil

d. pupil

Which hormone promotes sleep? a. Ghrelin b. Adrenaline c. Progesterone d. Melatonin

d. Melatonin

Cochlear implants contain microphones that sense sounds and electronic equipment that transmits sounds past damaged hair cells to stimulate the auditory nerve. a. true b. false

a. true

Silas is recovering from COVID which has caused him to have a stuffy nose. Besides not being able to smell, what other sense may be affected? a. vestibular sense b. taste c. vision d. depth perception

b. taste

Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings? a. hearing b. vision c. touch d. smell

b. vision

The fact that you were able to smell an essential oil is because of your olfactory ________ while your ability to identify it as a lavender scent is due to your brain's ability to ____________ it as lavender. a. sense, distinguish b. bulbs, smell c. sense, perceive d. perceive, remember

c. sense, perceive

Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of ________. a. dark adaptation b. the difference threshold c. subliminal stimulation d. light adaptation

c. subliminal stimulation

Which of the following is an altered state of consciousness? a. Cognitive dissonance b. Free association c. Centration d. Meditation

d. Meditation

Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies on the eye? a. Depth perception b. retinal disparity c. an absolute threshold d. a visual illusion

d. a visual illusion

People woken up during NREM are more likely to report which of the following? a. more sexual dreams those those awakened during REM sleep b. more violent dreams than those awakened during REM sleep c. fewer episodes of deep sleep than those awakened during REM sleep d. fewer dreams than those awakened during REM sleep

d. fewer dreams than those awakened during REM sleep

A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep is called _______. a. narcolepsy b. insomnia c. somnambulism d. sleep apnea

d. sleep apnea

Which of the following is NOT true about an individual's sense of taste? a. It can be influenced by culture and exposure to particular foods. b. It can change with one's current health c. It is pretty set by the time of birth. d. It changes with age.

c. It is pretty set by the time of birth.

Which theory related to dreams states that acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming? a. Psychodynamic model b. Response set theory c. Activation-synthesis model d. Role theory

c. Activation-synthesis model

Which of the following substances is a stimulant? a. Nembutal b. Morphine c. Cocaine d. Seconal

c. Cocaine

People deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep a. experience paradoxical sleep b. spend less time in REM sleep during subsequent sleep periods. c. learn more slowly. d. have fewer chances of experiencing REM rebound

c. learn more slowly.

As we age and reach our late 30's to mid-40's, what structure in our eyes tends to have difficulty accommodating? a. pupil b. iris c. lens d. cornea

c. lens

According to Weber's Law, the absolute threshold for all senses is a. the same for everyone. b. dependent on context and mood of the invididual. c. not the same for everyone d. changeable depending on age and gender.

c. not the same for everyone

The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep lasts about a. 90 minutes. b. 30 minutes c. 1 hour d. 2 hours.

a. 90 minutes.

Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? a. People who are easily hypnotized are said to have hypnotic suggestibility b. People who resist the process of hypnosis are said to have hypnotic suggestibility. c. Hypnosis is an unaltered state of consciousness d. Hypnosis increases anxiety and aggression

a. People who are easily hypnotized are said to have hypnotic suggestibility

According to your text, older adults sleep less because a. of physical discomfort b. they no longer require NREM sleep. c. their sleep cycles become more efficient d. they no longer require REM sleep.

a. of physical discomfort

Ray, a 5-year-old, wakes up at night saying that he saw monsters chasing him in his dreams. His parents should do all EXCEPT the following: a. create a calming bedtime routine and limit his exposure to TV violence b. provide comfort and reassurance to him c. take him to see a psychiatrists since this is highly unusual behavior for a 5-year-old d. understand that this is typical for his age and will likely get better over time

c. take him to see a psychiatrists since this is highly unusual behavior for a 5-year-old

The loudness of a sound is expressed in _____. a. volt (V) b. watts (W) c. hertz(Hz) d. decibels(dB)

d. decibels(dB)

In the context of altering consciousness through drugs, which disorder is characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms? a. Substance use disorder b. Oppositional defiant disorder c. Impulse control disorder d. Paranoid personality disorder

a. Substance use disorder

Cohchlear implants help individuals "hear" by what process? a. bypassing damanged hair cells and directly stimulating the auditory nerve b. None of these c. Bypassing the middle ear to transmit sound directly into the cochlea. d. It helps to amplify sounds so individuals can perceive sounds

a. bypassing damanged hair cells and directly stimulating the auditory nerve

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in ________. a. sensorineural deafness b. perichondritis c. tympanosclerosis d. conductive deafness

a. sensorineural deafness

Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to a. improve hypnotic suggestibility b. ruminate about problems. c. achieve spiritual goals d. focus on the present.

d. focus on the present.

The __________ conducts sensory input to the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe a. cornea b. sclera c. lens d. optic nerve

d. optic nerve

The fact that a young child objects to certain tastes may be due to a. the fact that they are learning to be independent and exert their will with food b. they have learned eating habits from observing others. c. the fact that young children's taste buds are more plentiful and sensitive to tastes that fade over time d. the fact that they are genetically predisposed to refuse food that might be harmful to them.

c. the fact that young children's taste buds are more plentiful and sensitive to tastes that fade over time

A person with normal color vision is labeled a ________. a. monochromat b. dichromat c. trichromat d. bichromat

c. trichromat

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold? a. It is used to measure the intensity of sensory input by using the sensory adaptation process. b. It is used to represent the minimum difference in the magnitude of two stimuli required to tell them apart c. It is determined by measuring the rate at which a person becomes less sensitive to stimuli of low magnitude and more sensitive to stimuli that remain the same d. It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

d. It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

When our brain waves slow down from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves, which stage of sleep have we entered? a. Stage 3 sleep b. Stage 2 sleep c. Stage 4 sleep d. Stage 1 sleep

d. Stage 1 sleep

The fact that you stopped smelling an essential oil at a given time is due to which of the following? a. The cilia in the nose no longer fires in response to the odor. b. The olfactory bulb has stopped working in response to this particular odor. c. The essential oil only has a short life-span and therefore can no longer be detected by the olfactory bulb. d. When the olfactory receptor is constantely stimulated, it will begin to fatigue and accommodated to the odor

d. When the olfactory receptor is constantely stimulated, it will begin to fatigue and accommodated to the odor

Your friend Adelina tells you that she is red-green color blind. This means that she sees things in ________. a. all colors, only with pale rather than "brilliant" saturation b. only those colors that fall below her absolute threshold c. only blacks and whites d. all colors except either red or green

d. all colors except either red or green

Jeremiah is recovering from COVID and has temporarily lost his sense of smell and taste. These two conditions are known as ______ and ______. a. hyposmia, hypogeusia b. hypogeuisia, hypersmia c. insomnia, hypogeusia d. anosmia, aguesia

d. anosmia, aguesia