Chapter 3
101. The Better Business Bureau is probably the best-known a) nongovernmental regulatory group. b) state-operated enforcement agency. c) national evaluator of advertisements. d) federal regulatory group. e) self-regulatory unit operating at the national level.
a
110. The broad nature of technology as it moves through society is referred to as a) reach. b) dynamics. c) environment d) self-sustaining. e) impact.
a
111. Which of the following is the best example of utilizing technology to improve consumer relationships? a) Waiters recording orders on handheld computers b) Surveying customers to determine their needs c) Responding to changes in competitors' prices d) Introducing stringent package standards e) Requiring dolphin-safe tuna
a
114. Many health care companies are making adaptations to meet the needs of an aging population as the demand for medical services and products such as diabetes supplies increases. This change in marketing strategy is best explained by a change in a) demographics. b) cultural values. c) income levels. d) consumerism. e) subcultures.
a
116. By the turn of the twentieth century, the population of the United States had shifted to three large racial and ethnic groups. These groups are a) blacks, Hispanics, and whites. b) Asians, blacks, and whites. c) Asians, blacks, and Hispanics. d) blacks, Indians, and whites. e) Hispanics, Indians, and whites.
a
12. To monitor changes in the marketing environment effectively, marketers must engage in a) environmental scanning and analysis. b) economic scanning c) self-regulatory analysis d) marketing research analysis e) information collecting
a
15. Dell Computer collects information about a wide variety of competitive, economic, political, legal and regulatory, technological, and sociocultural forces that affect its marketing activities. This process is called a) environmental scanning. b) survey of environment. c) marketing. d) environmental analysis. e) marketing information processing.
a
16. If M&M Mars Candies found a magazine article that provided key information on the television viewing habits of major candy consumer groups, this would be an example of information obtained through environmental a) scanning. b) forces. c) analysis. d) strategizing. e) management.
a
17. XM Radio is concerned about how the increasing use of MP3 players will affect the future sales of its satellite radio service. The company decides to gather information about the changing trends in music access to prepare for this trend. XM Radio's process is called a) environmental scanning. b) target marketing. c) surveying. d) environmental analysis. e) dynamic responsiveness.
a
18. According to the textbook, a manager's duties in an environmental analysis include a) checking information for accuracy, resolving inconsistencies, and assigning significance to the findings. b) observation and assessment. c) conducting research, assessment, and reporting. d) observation, market research, and fact finding. e) checking the company database, conducting research, and reporting.
a
23. Toyota has developed aluminum car bodies that are 100 percent recyclable and light enough to help conserve fuel. What kind of response is this to environmental forces? a) Proactive b) Competitive c) Reactive d) Inactive e) Controllable
a
25. Marketers who view political forces as being beyond their control are taking a ___________ response toward these forces. a) reactive b) aggressive c) proactive d) competitive e) liberal
a
32. Which of the following is not at the generic competitor level for Ford's Expedition sport utility vehicle? a) Saturn SKY b) Enterprise car rental c) Harley Davidson motorcycle d) Schwinn mountain bike e) Taxi cab ride
a
33. Marketers primarily focus their environmental analysis on ____ competitors. a) brand b) product c) total budget d) generic e) monopolistic
a
35. Due to limited resources, a consumer decided to serve Hawaiian Punch to a New Year's Eve party crowd instead of Korbel champagne. As a result of this action, Korbel and Hawaiian Punch can be viewed as ___________ competitors. a) generic b) product c) total budget d) oligopolistic e) pure
a
38. Mixed Concrete cannot be shipped farther than twenty-five miles because the concrete might harden in the truck. Citrus County Concrete Company is the only supplier of mixed concrete to customers within a thirty-mile radius. Citrus County Concrete is an example of which one of the following competitive structures? a) Monopoly b) Oligopoly c) Monopolistic competition d) Pure competition e) Monopsony
a
40. What type of competitive structure exists when a firm produces a product that has no close substitutes? a) Monopoly b) Oligopoly c) Monopolistic competition d) Pure competition e) Mixed competition
a
44. Which of the following firms would be most likely to have a monopoly for its competitive environment? a) TimeWarner Cable TV b) Mitchell Trucking c) Continental Airlines d) Rogers Plumbing e) Chemlawn Lawn Care
a
48. If in an industry, none of the many sellers could influence the price of supply of its products, this industry would be characterized as a) pure competition. b) a monopoly. c) monopolistic competition. d) oligopolistic competition. e) an oligopoly.
a
55. In a period of economic recovery, the best marketing strategy for FedEx would be characterized by which of the following features? a) Flexibility b) Aggressiveness c) Austerity d) Retrenchment e) Boldness
a
56. Assuming that inflation is low, high buying power characterizes the _____ stage of the business cycle. a) prosperity b) depression c) recovery d) succession e) recession
a
65. The amount of money received through wages, rents, investments, pensions, and subsidies is called a) income. b) wealth. c) discretionary income. d) prosperity. e) credit.
a
82. Which of the following acts was enacted to prevent businesses from restraining trade and monopolizing markets? a) Sherman Antitrust Act b) Clayton Act c) Federal Trade Commission Act d) Robinson-Patman Act e) Wheeler-Lea Act
a
85. Procompetitive laws are those designed to a) preserve competition. b) protect the consumer. c) ensure product safety. d) reduce competition. e) limit business lobbying of government officials.
a
93. Which of the following agencies would most likely have jurisdiction over the problem with lead in the paint of children's toys? a) Consumer Product Safety Commission b) Children's Online Protection Act c) Food and Drug Administration d) Environmental Protection Agency e) National Advertising Review Board
a
102. In its advertisements, Johnson's Hair Care Products claims that its KLTR-14 gel will restore the hair of bald men. Members of the NARB believe the claim is unsupportable. What action can the NARB take? a) Force Johnson's to stop running the advertisement. b) File a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission. c) Fine Johnson's for each time the ad appears. d) Sue Johnson's Hair Care Products in federal court. e) Sue Johnson's Hair Care Products in state court.
b
104. Which of the following is an advantage that self-regulatory agencies such as the BBB and the NARB have over governmental laws and regulatory agencies? a) Firms must strictly abide by the rulings of self-regulatory agencies. b) Establishment and implementation are usually less expensive. c) They have better tools to enforce their rulings. d) Guidelines are often stricter and create greater compliance from firms. e) Money is very rarely an issue in enforcing decisions of self-regulatory agencies.
b
106. What national self-regulatory organization screens ads? a) Federal Advertising Review Division b) National Advertising Review Board c) Federal Communications Commission d) Consumer Federation of America e) Better Business Bureau
b
107. Technology is a) the application of scientific knowledge to build products that customers desire. b) the application of knowledge and tools to solve problems and perform tasks more efficiently. c) applied sciences. d) one of the weakest marketing environment forces. e) the result of research performed primarily by universities.
b
112. Technology assessment is a) measuring how much technology has been incorporated into an organization. b) trying to foresee the effects of new products and processes on the firm's operation and on society in general. c) assessing how much technology one wants to incorporate into a company in the future. d) judging how a firm's products affect society. e) weighing the cost of new technology to determine whether a firm can afford to use it.
b
120. Many well-known restaurants and corporations are changing to a completely smoke-free environment, and fewer restaurants offer smoking and nonsmoking sections. These firms are responding to changes in a) federal law. b) cultural values. c) demographics. d) consumerism. e) technological forces.
b
24. Although Matt's company engages in environmental scanning and analysis, he feels more comfortable changing his policies and strategies to adapt to environmental forces rather than trying to influence these forces. Matt has a(n) _____ approach to marketing environmental forces. a) inactive b) reactive c) proactive d) negative e) variable
b
29. Which of the following would represent a brand competitor for Ford's Escape Hybrid sport utility vehicle? a) Honda Pilot b) Toyota's Highlander Hybrid c) Honda Civic Hybrid d) Taxi ride e) Chevrolet Tahoe rented from Avis
b
30. __________ competitors provide very different products that satisfy the same basic customer need. a) Brand b) Generic c) Total budget d) Product e) Marketing
b
36. Companies that compete for the same limited financial resources of the same customers are known as _________ competitors. a) oligopolic b) total budget c) generic d) product e) brand
b
43. The D-Lite Corporation produces a unique type of light bulb that is used in refrigerator manufacturing. D-Lite is the only maker of this light bulb, and there are no close substitutes for it. In this case, the D-Lite Corporation would be a) an oligopoly. b) a monopoly. c) involved in monopolistic competition. d) involved in perfect competition. e) involved in a perfect oligopoly.
b
45. Most marketers operate in a competitive environment of either a) oligopoly or monopoly. b) oligopoly or monopolistic competition. c) oligopoly or pure competition. d) monopoly or pure competition. e) pure competition or monopolistic competition.
b
47. What type of competitive structure exists when just a few sellers control a large portion of the supply of a product? a) Monopoly b) Oligopoly c) Monopolistic competition d) Mixed competition e) Pure competition
b
52. The two least common competitive structures at the opposite ends of the continuum are a) monopolies and oligopolies. b) pure competition and monopolies. c) monopolistic competition and monopolies. d) pure competition and no competition. e) oligopolies and pure competition.
b
57. During which stage of the business cycle is unemployment low and total income relatively high? a) Repression b) Prosperity c) Recovery d) Recession e) Depression
b
63. The strength of a person's "buying power" depends on economic conditions and a) level of income. b) size of resources that can be traded in an exchange. c) how much a consumer will buy. d) a consumer's spending pattern. e) levels of median wealth.
b
67. Which category of income are marketers most interested in? a) Wealth b) Disposable income c) Discretionary income d) Total income e) Extra income
b
73. Which of the following companies would probably be most interested in tracking discretionary income levels? a) Safeway food stores b) BMW automobiles c) Gulf States Utilities d) General Mills e) Florida Orange Growers
b
77. Although Shelby's income is comfortable, she hesitates to purchase a new car because she is concerned about how poor economic conditions may affect her company and in turn her future employment. Shelby lacks a) disposable income. b) willingness to spend. c) buying power. d) credit. e) discretionary income.
b
80. Which of the following statements is true? a) Political officials can not influence how much a government agency purchases and from whom. b) A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision nullified federal laws that restricted political campaign fund contributions for corporate labor unions. c) Company sponsored political advertising can only focus on topics and not on candidates. d) Political officials can not accept direct corporate campaign contributions. e) Companies can not participate in the political process through lobbying.
b
90. The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act prohibits websites and Internet providers from a) selling products to children under the age of 18 b) seeking personal information from children under the age of 13 c) selling products to children under the age of 12 d) doing research about the buying habits of children under 15 e) selling products to children under the age of 15
b
94. The FTC can issue a cease-and-desist order, which is an injunction to a) report to the FTC immediately. b) stop doing whatever caused the complaint. c) appear before the courts. d) pay for damages caused by negligence of the firm. e) close down the firm until further notice.
b
108. More than half of the research of technology created is paid for by a) corporations. b) state and local governments. c) the federal government. d) large universities. e) private investors.
c
113. When Cisco Systems attempts to anticipate the effect of new products and processes on its own innovations, other business organizations, and society in general, the firm is engaging in a) product differentiation. b) monopolistic competition. c) technology assessment. d) distinctive promotional methods. e) innovative marketing.
c
115. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have demonstrated against the sale of coats made of animal furs. PETA's efforts to change shoppers' attitudes represent a __________ force for fur retailers. a) technological b) political c) sociocultural d) self-regulation e) strategic
c
118. The Coca-Cola Company has recognized the significant increase in population diversity within the U.S. soft-drink market. Which one of the following best illustrates the company's integration of this knowledge into its marketing strategy? a) Ads featuring nostalgic Americana b) Bonus coupons in Coca-Cola twelve-packs c) Ads featuring Hispanic actors and Tejano music d) Ads in The New Yorker and Reader's Digest e) Ads aimed at children
c
13. Collecting information from secondary sources such as business, government, trade, and general-interest publications plays an important role in a) environmental analysis. b) competitive forces. c) environmental scanning. d) procompetitive legislation. e) self-regulatory forces.
c
27. When marketers define their target market, they simultaneously establish a set of a) technologies. b) monopolies. c) competitors. d) government regulations. e) sociocultural forces.
c
28. Companies that market products with similar features, benefits, and prices to the same customer group are known as _________ competitors. a) generic b) product c) brand d) total budget e) monopolistic
c
34. In today's marketing environment, competitors can take on many forms. For example, Diet Coke can be seen as a competitor to Wrigley's Double Mint chewing gum. In this circumstance, these two products are described as ___________ competitors. a) generic b) product c) total budget d) monopolistic e) pure
c
42. The American automobile industry used to be dominated by "The Big Three," including General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. However, as many more foreign competitors began influencing this market, the American companies had to modify and differentiate their products. The automobile industry moved from a(n) ______ structure to a(n) _______ structure. a) monopolistic, oligopolistic b) oligopolistic, pure competition c) oligopolistic, monopolistic competition d) monopolistic competition, pure competition e) monopolistic, monopolistic competition
c
50. J. Pitner Clothing is a medium-size specialty men's and women's clothing store in a market with many other specialty stores, department stores, and discounters. It has established a reputation for offering high-quality, fashionable merchandise with quality service. J. Pitner's competitive environment would best be characterized as a) a monopoly. b) an oligopoly. c) monopolistic competition. d) pure competition. e) faceted competition.
c
54. Which of the following attributes of a Toyota Scion would be most appropriate to emphasize in television commercials during an economic recession? a) Stereo system b) Prestige c) Durability d) Leg room e) Sporty design
c
58. Total buying power declines during periods of economic a) recovery. b) prosperity. c) recession. d) uncertainty. e) expansion.
c
59. Although marketing theory supports the contrary, it is more probable that marketing budgets will be cut during periods of economic a) recovery. b) prosperity. c) recession. d) uncertainty. e) expansion.
c
60. Consumers begin to become more price and value conscious during periods of a) inflation. b) prosperity. c) recession. d) depression. e) recovery.
c
62. Consumer confidence and willingness to spend begins to increase during periods of _____, and marketers must remain very flexible to make the necessary adjustments. a) depression b) prosperity c) recovery d) growth e) recession
c
74. By offering credit and financing through its GMAC division, General Motors is trying to help consumers a) expand future buying power at the expense of current buying power. b) expand disposable income at the expense of discretionary income. c) expand current buying power at the expense of future buying power. d) expand both disposable income and wealth. e) decrease both disposable and discretionary income.
c
79. Textile companies historically face issues concerning the use of child labor in foreign countries and the various regulations created concerning this labor. The type of marketing environment forces executives for these companies are most likely to try to influence are ______ forces. a) economic b) competitive c) political d) environmental e) sociocultural
c
87. Price discrimination is prohibited by the ___________ Act. a) Sherman b) Wheeler-Lee c) Robinson-Patman d) Celler-Kefauver e) Consumer Goods Pricing
c
89. Consumer protection legislation deals with all of the following legal concerns except a) consumer safety. b) sale of hazardous products. c) monopolistic practices. d) information disclosure. e) health claims on food packages.
c
91. Which of the following are the most frequently sentenced organizational crimes? a) False advertising and price discrimination b) Price discrimination and fraud c) Fraud and antitrust violations d) Price fixing and antitrust violations e) Fraud and price fixing
c
95. Which of the following agencies regulates marketing activities the most? a) Environmental Protection Agency b) Food and Drug Administration c) Federal Trade Commission d) Better Business Bureau e) National Advertising Review Board
c
99. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America sets guidelines for its member firms to follow regarding the use of unethical practices. Thus, it is engaging in a) legislation. b) lobbying. c) self-regulation. d) environmental scanning. e) trade restraint.
c
100. Jared Bledsoe hires a local landscape firm to plant trees and shrubs in his yard. The firm plants mostly dead plants but refuses to return Jared's money or replace the dead items. Jared's best course of action would be to contact the a) police. b) Federal Trade Commission. c) Sherman Commission. d) Better Business Bureau. e) federal district court.
d
103. Which of the following statements about self-regulatory programs is false? a) Self-regulatory programs are usually less expensive than governmental regulatory programs. b) Self-regulatory programs' guidelines generally are more realistic and operational. c) Nongovernmental self-regulatory programs have neither the tools nor the authority to enforce guidelines. d) Self-regulatory guidelines generally are stricter than governmental regulatory programs. e) When a trade association sets up industry guidelines, some firms that are in the industry but not in the trade association do not follow the guidelines.
d
117. In the near future, what subculture will become the second largest group in the United States? a) Whites b) African Americans c) Asians d) Hispanics e) Native Americans
d
119. Organizations that provide smoke-free environments or low-fat products are responding to changes in a) technology. b) the legal environment. c) demographics. d) cultural values. e) political forces.
d
121. Consumerism is a a) diverse group of individuals and organizations opposed to foreign producers that sell products in the United States that are much cheaper than those produced by U.S. manufacturers. b) social movement that is trying to encourage consumer satisfaction. c) social movement that is reorganizing the Council of Better Business Bureaus. d) diverse group of individuals and organizations attempting to protect the rights of consumers. e) social movement that provides consumers with means for expressing satisfaction and expressing their gratitude to producers.
d
14. Three primary methods of collecting information for environmental scanning are a) marketing research, company records, and advance orders. b) secondary sources, company records, and observation. c) executive knowledge, media, and marketing research. d) observation, secondary sources, and marketing research. e) company database, executive knowledge, and research.
d
21. After Home Depot gathers information related to its marketing environment, it attempts to define current environmental changes and predict future changes. This determines possible opportunities and threats facing the company. It illustrates the process that is called a) environmental scanning. b) survey of environment. c) marketing. d) environmental analysis. e) marketing information processing.
d
31. ___________ competitors are those that compete in the same product class, but their products have different features, benefits, and prices. a) Total budget b) Generic c) Brand d) Product e) Price
d
39. The four major competitive structures are a) monopolies, oligopolies, oligopolistic monopolies, and pure competition. b) pure competition, heavy competition, moderate competition, and light competition. c) brand, product, total budget, and generic. d) oligopolies, monopolies, monopolistic competition, and pure competition. e) monopolies, limited competition, oligopolistic competition, and pure competition.
d
41. The type of competitive structure that exists in the case where there are almost no substitutes for a product is a(n) a) monopolistic competition. b) oligopoly. c) pure competition. d) monopoly. e) noncompetition.
d
49. The tobacco industry in the United States is dominated by three large companies. When any one of these companies changes its price on tobacco products, the other two companies quickly adjust their prices to match it. From these characteristics, the tobacco industry could best be described as a) price sensitive. b) opportunistic. c) monopolistic competition. d) an oligopoly. e) a monopoly.
d
53. The best approach for a company to take when monitoring its competitors is a) watching for increases and decreases in competitors' prices and match them. b) analyzing all information that is readily available about competitors. c) sending employees to competitors' offices and factories to observe their actions. d) developing a system for gathering ongoing information about competitors. e) reading important business publications such as The Wall Street Journal.
d
64. Why are marketers interested in consumers' levels of disposable income? a) It accurately predicts future buying power. b) It increases current buying power. c) It is what is left after taxes and savings to buy luxuries with. d) It is a ready source of buying power. e) It is essential for forecasting future business trends.
d
66. If Toby Roberts has an income of $30,000, pays $6,000 in rent, $1,200 in utilities, and $5,000 in taxes per year, his disposable income is a) $7,800. b) $14,000. c) $9,000. d) $25,000. e) $20,000.
d
68. What is the most important factor in distinguishing disposable income from income? a) Taxes b) Housing c) Employment levels d) Consumer spending e) Saving
d
69. A person's buying power is a function of a) disposable income. b) past income, natural resources, and financial resources. c) wages, rents, and investments. d) income, wealth, and credit. e) discretionary income.
d
71. Heidi decided to spend some of her saved money on tickets to a Cold Play concert coming to town, and now she is planning on buying a new outfit for the concert. What type of resources is Heidi making decisions about? a) Disposable income b) Wealth c) Buying power d) Discretionary income e) Savings income
d
72. The accumulation of past income, natural resources, and financial resources is known as a) income. b) collected income. c) credit. d) wealth. e) savings.
d
83. If all the gas stations in a city collaborated to determine what gas prices should be charged, they would be violating the a) Wheeler-Lea Act. b) Clayton Act. c) Robinson-Patman Act. d) Sherman Antitrust Act. e) Celler-Kefauver Act.
d
84. Which of the following provides protection for and regulates brand names, brand marks, trade names, and trademarks? a) Sherman Act b) Clayton Act c) Robinson-Patman Act d) Lanham Act e) Celler-Kefauver Act
d
88. The 1990 Nutritional Labeling and Education Act directly prohibits a) exaggerated claims made by health and fitness products. b) putting the words "cholesterol-free" on any food package. c) putting nutritional information on most food products. d) exaggerated health claims on food packages. e) the use of any health claim on food packaging.
d
92. Of all the federal regulatory units, the ____________ most heavily influences marketing activities. a) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) c) Enviornmental Protection Agency (EPA) d) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) e) Federal Power Commission (FPC)
d
97. In its advertisements for Bud Light beer, Anheuser-Busch has decided to include a statement saying "Know when to say when." This is an example of which one of the following types of regulatory forces affecting marketing efforts? a) Federal regulation b) State regulation c) City regulation d) Self-regulation e) Social regulation
d
98. Which of the following regulatory groups is a system of nongovernmental, independent, local regulatory agencies supported by local businesses? a) The Chamber of Commerce b) The National Advertising Review Board c) The National Advertising Division d) The Better Business Bureau e) American Marketing Association
d
105. When a firm continues to violate what the Better Business Bureau believes to be good business practices, what is one of the main actions the bureau will take? a) Lead a consumer boycott of the business. b) Sue the chief executive of the business. c) Impose fines on the owners/managers of the business. d) Support legal ordinances against the business. e) Warn consumers of the unfair practices.
e
109. Newsweek enhances its visibility to readers by making its magazine available on the Internet. Newsweek is capitalizing on which environmental force? a) Economic b) Competitive c) Political d) Legal and regulatory e) Technological
e
122. A group of protesters carries signs encouraging people to boycott Joe's Market, a small grocery store in an urban area. The protesters claim that Joe's takes unfair advantage of elderly and minority consumers. This protest is part of what we see today as the a) cultural diversity movement. b) civil rights movement. c) urban unrest cycle. d) procompetitive movement. e) consumerism movement.
e
19. When PepsiCo takes the information collected through research and attempts to assess and interpret what it means for its soft-drink marketing efforts, PepsiCo is engaged in environmental a) scanning. b) forces. c) management. d) manipulation. e) analysis.
e
20. Nabisco learned that health-conscious consumers preferred lower fat snack and lower-carbohydrate foods. At the same time, the firm saw sales of such products slumping and was careful not to launch any new varieties of these products for a while. Which of the following best describes Nabisco's action? a) Environmental scanning b) Environmental marketing c) Demarketing d) Segmentation e) Environmental analysis
e
22. Marketers who attempt to influence and change the various environmental forces have a(n) _____ response to these forces. a) reactive b) inactive c) variable d) positive e) proactive
e
26. The textbook suggests that the best approach a firm can take in responding to marketing environmental forces is a) reactive. b) proactive. c) inactive. d) active. e) variable.
e
37. ___________ competitors are the most significant to marketers because buyers see the different products of these firms as direct substitutes for each other. a) Oligopolic b) Total budget c) Generic d) Product e) Brand
e
46. When a firm has many potential competitors and tries to develop a marketing strategy to differentiate its products from the competitors' products, a(n) _______ structure exists in the competitive environment. a) oligopoly b) monopoly c) pure competition d) oligopolistic competition e) monopolistic competition
e
51. In general, which of the following competitive structures is an organization least likely to operate? a) Monopoly b) Monopolistic competition c) Oligopoly d) Elastic competition e) Pure competition
e
61. Consumer confidence is at a low during periods of a) recession. b) prosperity. c) recovery. d) slowdown. e) depression.
e
70. Discretionary income is associated with all of the following except a) automobiles. b) education. c) pets. d) furniture. e) food.
e
75. When using credit to make purchases, consumers are a) decreasing current buying power and increasing future buying power. b) increasing their present discretionary income to extend purchasing power. c) putting themselves at significant risk of financial disaster. d) forgoing the accumulation of wealth to increase current income. e) increasing current buying power at the expense of future buying power.
e
76. Which of the following terms refers to consumers' propensity to buy? a) Disposable income b) Discretionary income c) Buying power index d) Buying power e) Willingness to spend
e
78. Texas rice farmers wish to get their product into the Japanese market but are hindered by a complex maze of regulations imposed by the Japanese government. The farmers are most likely to attempt to influence which aspect of the marketing environment? a) Sociocultural b) Technological c) Competitive d) Economic e) Political
e
81. Which of the following actions is illegal? a) Political officials influencing how much a government agency purchases and from whom. b) Corporate contributions to candidates. c) Corporate contributions to elected officials. d) Political officials helping businesses secure foreign markets. e) Paying political officials not to enforce a particular law.
e
86. International Office Supplies Wholesaler charges different prices to its various customers without any legal justification. This company is in violation of the a) Sherman Antitrust Act. b) Wheeler-Lea Act. c) Lanham Act. d) Federal Trade Commission Act. e) Robinson-Patman Act.
e
96. Which of the following industries is most commonly regulated by state regulatory agencies? a) Automobile manufacturers b) Cigarette producers c) Clothing manufacturers d) Television networks e) Utility companies
e
