Chapter 3

Which of the following is a transitional probability for "pro"?

"vide"

After hearing the word "baby" so many times in their young lives, statistical learning enables children to grasp the transitional probability that after hearing the sound "BAY" it is likely to be followed by the sound "BEE." Who is the youngest child that will recognize this transitional probability?

Rhonda, who is 9 months old

All of the following are examples of physical regularities in the environment EXCEPT ___

a changing room in a department store

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be part of a scene schema for a college classroom?

a stove

Ahmad needs to create a model of the inverse projection problem for a class presentation. What should he indicate as the starting point of the problem?

an ambiguous retinal image

Which of the following accurately reflects the theory of natural selection from a perceptual context?

an organism that can only see oblique shapes will become extinct

Although each frame of the film has an image of people in a raft on water, the audience in the movie theater sees a group of people paddling and traveling down a swift rushing river. From a Gestalt perspective, the movement of the people and water is ________.

apparent

In top-down processing, what is at the top of the chain?

brain

Perception is to memory as _____ is to _____

create; retrieve

Harry is creating a chart that compares the four perspectives on object perception. Which perspective should Harry place under the "Bottom-Up" heading on his chart

gestalt principles

Which of the following best reflects the Gestalt principle of similarity?

grouping

When tasked with identifying items in a particular scene, compared to humans a computer ________.

has less memory

Which of the following phrases are a good reflection of Helmholtz's research?

in all likelihood....

Which of the following is a key component of bottom-up processing?

light

Testing principles of Bayesian inference necessarily must involve ___.

mathematical procedures

Moving around an object enhances our perception of it due to which of the following?

multiple views

Which of the following perceptual concepts makes Italy's Leaning Tower of Pisa so intriguing to people?

oblique effect

Which of the following statements is accurate?

perception is the basis for all human cognition

Changes in neural activity after learning a new stimulus occur due to the brain's ________.

plasticity

Thomas Bayes stated that human perception of objects is based on the combination of which two concepts?

priors and likelihood

Which of the following terms best describes human perception?

procedural

Gestalt psychologists rejected the structuralist perspective because it presented human perception as a(n) ________.

puzzle

Fundamentally, the principle of good figure emphasizes ___ in perception.

simplicity

The Gestalt principle of pragnanz is focused on which of the following concepts?

simplicity

Given that Betty is fluent in Spanish, she can tell when one word ends and the next one begins. This illustrates ___.

speech segmentation

Marisol stared at the strange blob in the bottom of her closet until she realized that it was a dried-up orange that must have fallen out of her book bag last winter. What part of Marisol's brain helped her figure out what the strange object was?

temporal lobe

Consider the following listing of shapes: ◊◊◊◊◊ □□□□□ ●●●●● Instead of concluding that there are 15 shapes in total pictured (which is accurate), you are more likely to initially conclude that there are three rows of different shapes due to ___.

the principle of similarity

Identifying an object in a scene presents great difficulty for a machine because ________.

the task requires reasoning

The fact that you can recognize your glasses as such from different angles specifically illustrates ___.

viewpoint invariance

Perception pathway is to action pathway as _____ pathway is to _____ pathway.

what; where