Chapter 3 and 4 Biology

Select the correct association. proteins—have three forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides lipids—contain the codes used to construct proteins nucleic acids—provide the body with energy carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch carbohydrates—serve to insulate, protect, and store energy

carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

A polypeptide forms a beta pleated sheet or an alpha helix as its primary structure. True or False?

False

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a(n) a. light microscope. b. magnifying glass. c. unaided eye. d. electron microscope. e. dissecting microscope.

a. light microscope

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

The following figure represents which process? combustion hydrolysis polyunsaturation denaturation dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export? a. smooth ER b. ribosomes c. rough ER d. plasma membrane e. Golgi apparatus

e. Golgi apparatus

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

hydrophilic.

A saturated fat has

no double bonds

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monosaccharides.

Which of the following is an organic molecule? C6H12O6 NaCl CO2 H2O CaCl2

C6H12O6

Both the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane are composed of phospholipids. True or False

True

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus? a. acts as the control center of the cell b. provides a place for produced cellular materials to be refined c. assists in moving materials from one part of the cell to another d. prepares molecules for export from the cell e. manufactures molecules

a. acts as the control center of the cell

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ________. a. are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells b. are organelles involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells c. are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia d. are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy d. produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells

a. are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? a. establishing the identity of the cell b. to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning c. to transport molecules across the membrane d. to maintain the membrane's fluidity e. to attach to the cytoskeleton on the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells

a. establishing the identity of the cell

Chromosomes are made from a. expanded polysaccharides. b. condensed chromatin. c. expanded ribosomes. d. cell recognition proteins. e. condensed vesicles.

b. condensed chromatin

A prokaryotic cell a. does not have cytoplasm. b. does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. c. lacks DNA. d. is typically larger than a eukaryotic cell. e. does not have ribosomes.

b. does not have a membrane-bound nucleus

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function. a. the size of the nucleus b. surface-area-to-volume ratio c. cilia movement d. the number of microvilli e. the ability to photosynthesize

b. surface-area-to-volume ratio

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells? a. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane. b. Plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall. c. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. d. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. e. Plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane.

c. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Without gap junctions in certain tissues, a. cells would not be able to migrate during their development. b. the tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage. c. cells would not be able to communicate with each other. d. nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. e. fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

c. cells would not be able to communicate with each other.

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. lysosome d. peroxisome e. ribosome

c. lysosome

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? a. lysosomes b. chloroplasts c. mitochondria d. Golgi apparatus e. ribosomes

d. Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast? a. It manufactures proteins. b. It stores water. c. It aids in intracellular digestion. d. It converts light energy into chemical energy. e. It converts chemical energy into heat energy.

d. It converts light energy into chemical energy

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia? a. sperm b. bone cell c. neuron d. red blood cell e. cell from the trachea (windpipe)

e. cell from the trachea (windpipe)

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move? a. the plasma membrane b. the endomembrane system c. chloroplasts d. the nucleus e. the cytoskeleton

e. cytoskeleton

Which of the following is a correct match? a. mitochondria - protein alteration and packaging b. ribosomes - lipid synthesis c. Golgi apparatus - production of cellular ATP d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water e. lysosomes - cellular digestion

e. lysosomes - cellular digestion

A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its a. nucleus. b. Golgi apparatus. c. chloroplasts. d. vacuoles. e. mitochondria.

e. mitochondria

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function? a. Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis b. lysosome - transport c. vacuole - control center d. endoplasmic reticulum - houses DNA e. mitochondrion - cellular respiration

e. mitochondrion - cellular respiration

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell? a. chromosomes b. flagella c. cell membrane d. ribosomes e. nucleus

e. nucleus

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? a. ribosome b. nucleus c. lysosome d. vacuole e. plasma membrane

e. plasma membrane

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? a. they are most often involved in storage b. they are primarily found in plant cells c. vesicles are more specialized than vacuoles d. they are not made from membranes e. they are smaller

e. they are smaller

Which one of the following is a main function of proteins? energy storage energy source insulation genetic coding enzymatic activity

enzymatic activity

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA? sulfur-containing base, ribose, phosphate amino acid, glycerol, nitrogen-containing base nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose, phosphate nitrogen-containing base, ribose, sulfur nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate

nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate

The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?

nucleotides

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

proteins; nucleotides

The principle role for sugars in living things is to

serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch.