Chapter 3

What are the components of leadership?

1) Leader's qualities 2) Leadership styles 3) Situational factors 4) Follower's qualities

What are some benefits of group exercise?

1. Accountability 2. Comparison 3. Competition 4. Comradery 5. Consistency 6. Intensity 7. Mindless 8. Motivation 9. Sociability

What are the main components of social influence?

1. who or what is providing the support 2. what type of support is being provided

What does the term mood refer to? A) An emotion experienced in the moment B) One's self-esteem on a given day C) How someone feels over the long term D) A short-term reaction to a situation

C) How someone feels over the long term

Which of the following is a top barrier to exercise, evident among adults of all ages? A) Lack of time B) Muscle or bone weaknesses C) Negative self-perception D) Lack of transportation

A) Lack of time

Having poor body image is most likely to be associated with which of the following? A) Low self-esteem B) Low body mass index C) Low levels of motivation D) Low levels of social support

A) Low self-esteem

Which type of professionals are qualified to counsel individuals who are diagnosed with depression, using exercise as a supplemental treatment? A) Psychologist or psychiatrist B) Certified Personal Trainer or certified fitness professional C) Corrective exercise specialist or certified exercise physiologist D) Registered dietitian or nutritionist

A) Psychologist or psychiatrist

What trap do new exercisers often fall into? A) Setting goals that are unrealistic B) Failing to keep a log of activities C) Establishing goals that are too easily reached D) Relying on personal trainer to motivate them

A) Setting goals that are unrealistic

When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following? A) Amotivation to exercise B) A barrier to exercise C) Ambivalence toward exercise D) An influence on exercise

B) A barrier to exercise

Which type of support is the most common provided by a fitness professional? A) Emotional support B) Informational support C) Instrumental support D) Companionship support

B) Informational support

A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting? A) Start establishing an emotional support system. B) Inquire further about what their motives are for participating C) Establish short- and long-term goals. D) Create a plan for overcoming barriers.

B) Inquire further about what their motive are for participating

Which barrier is most often cited as a top barrier among most individuals? A) Lack of enjoyment B) Lack of time C) Lack of social support D) Lack of energy

B) Lack of time

Which fo the following is our most restorative tool? A) Food B) Sleep C) Exercise D) Massage

B) Sleep

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation describes which term? A) Income status B) Socioeconomic status C) Net worth D) Social influence

B) Socioeconomic status

What is one of the most important things about psychology and its relationship with fitness and wellness? A) The role it plays in successful weight loss B) The role it plays in the behavioral change process C) The need for personal trainers to possess education in the field of psychology D) The ability to use a client's personality traits to manipulate the outcome of exercise

B) The role it plays in the behavioral change process

Helpful Hint

Body image and self-esteem are related. In many cases, they have a mutual relationship, meaning that as body image improves, self-esteem will also likely improve. This is also true in the other direction; for example, if self-esteem decreases, body image will likely become more negative and vice versa.

Which of the following is true about body image? A) Body image is measured accurately based on a individuals evaluation a picture of themselves. B) Body image is a very stable variable and, once established, rarely changes for an individual C) Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately. D) Body image is more positive in individuals who regularly exercise in a group setting.

C) Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise? A) Emotional support B) Informational support C) Companionship support D) Instrumental support

D) Instrumental support

Generally speaking, what does psychology influence regarding fitness and wellness on any given day? A) The decision to be happy or sad B) The decision to hire a personal trainer or not C) The decision to make nutritional choices or not D) The decision to be physically active or not

D) The decision to be physically active or not

What is one good surgery to assess a client's motives?

Exercise Motivation Inventory-2

What should be the general response to an amotivated client?

It is important to dig deeper to try and help the client realize the value in participating, or at least believe in possible outcomes, to help establish some motive that can be used as a building block.

What is the self-determination theory?

It proposes that people will implement change when they feel (1) competent, which is mastering tasks or skills; (2) a sense of belonging to other people, which is referred to as relatedness (3) a sense of autonomy, which is feeling a sense of control over their actions and goals

Training Tip

Joining an intact exercise group may be intimidating for some clients. Fitness professionals can help identify groups that share similar characteristics or goals and encourage clients to participate. If clients are unsure of their ability to fit into a group, one way to help them adjust is to attend an exercise session with them, which may help reduce insecurities about trying something new.

What is motivation the function of?

Motivation is a term used to describe the intensity and direction of someone's effort

What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

Sympathy typically involves pity and feeling sorry for someone else Empathy is a deep understanding and recognition of how someone feels - empathy does not involve judgment

What is one common concern about extrensic motivation?

The concern with an emphasis on extrensic motivation is that it may not sustain exercise adherence because once a reward is achieved, there may not be any further incentive to continue, therefore long-term exercise participation will likely be associated with some level of intrinsic motivation.

What is intrinsic motivation?

When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction

What is extrensic motivation?

When someone participates in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others

What are examples of emotional type of support?

ex. encouraging someone to exercise ex. providing positive feedback ex. listening to someone when they are frustrated with exercise ex. being empathetic by communicating an understanding of how someone feels

What are examples of companionship type of support?

ex. exercising with someone ex. accompanying someone during an exercise session ex. finding physically active options for social gatherings

What are examples of informational type of support?

ex. giving sound advice about how to achieve optimal health and fitness ex. providing education about the current recommendations for physical activity ex. education people about the risk of poor health accompanying a sedentary lifestyle

What are examples of instrumental type of support?

ex. providing transportation to a fitness facility ex. paying for someone's gym membership ex. watching children to allow a parent to exercise