Chapter 3 beh learning and memory

Which of the following is true of teaching an animal a completed multistage behavior 1. The individual parts of the behavior should not go against natural instinct 2. The beh must be tied to food reward of some kind 3. Rewarding the individual parts interferes with reinforcement of the entire beh

1

Which of the following is an example of a circumstance that could cause a state recall effect 1. Outside on a rainy day 2. High of weed 3. The individual is in a manic episode

2 and 3

Which of the following is most conductive to later recall A. Semantic B. Visual C. Iconic D. Acoustic

A

What are ways that memory can be lost

Alzheimer's decay

______ ____ is a way of pairing thither stimuli and reposes or behaviors and consequences

Associative learning

Information gained without effort is called

Autonomic processing

Which of the following processes would increase the likelihood of a behavior A. Extinction B. Neg punishment C. Pos punishment D. Avoidance learning

Avoidance learning

_____ ____ is meant to prevent something unpleasant that is yet to happen such as studying so you don't get a shit score

Avoidance learning

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory A. Having the ability to drive a car B. Knowing the parts of a air engine C. Remembering the experience of learning to drive D. Associating a car with other vehicles in a semantic network

B

Which of the following would an elder have most trouble recalling A. Meeting their spouse B. Drs appt scheduled for 1 pm C. Name of favorite tv show character D. Returning a library book

B

A rat is trained to press a lever to obtain food under a fixed interval schedule. Which of the following would the rat likely exhibit? A. Pressing the lever continuously whenever it is hungry B. Pressing the lever exactly once and waiting for the food pellet before pressing it again C. Pressing the lever slowly at first but increasing frequency as the end of the interval approaches D. None of the above

C

______ ______ an unconditioned stimulus that produces an instinctive unconditioned response is paired with neurotransmitter stimulus

Classical conditioning

Many pets will run to the kitchen when they hear the sound of a can opener opening food. The sound of the can opener is a

Conditioned stimulus

The active memorization is called _______ (effortful) _______-

Controlled processing

______ can occur when a second stimulus intervenes causing a resensitization to the original stimulus

Dishabituation

_____ is the process of putting new info into memory

Encoding

____ memory is our experiences

Episodic

_____ ___ is the role of the behavior to reduce the unpleasantness of something that already exists such as a headache

Escape learning

____ (declarative) memory stores facts and stories

Explicit

What is an example of positive punishment

Flogging a thief

A person suffers food poisoning after eating a nasty orange later they find that the smell of citrus makes them nauseous. This is an example of

Generlization

What is an example of positive reinforcement

Getting paid to worrk

_____ is the process of becoming use to a stimulus

Habituation

_____ (nondecalrative) memory stores skills and conditioning effects

Implicit

Researchers repeatedly scare a person with a loud buzzer. Overtime the person is immune to the buzzer and they start to band a loud pan what is would likely be observed?

Increased startle to the buzzer

Which is true of controlled processing

Is always requires active attention to the information

What is an example of generalizaton

Little albert and the white rat

____ ___ memory requires elaborating rehearsal and is the result of increased neuronal connectivity

Long term memory

____ ____ ________ is responsible for the conversion of short term to long term memory is the strengthening of neuronal connections resulting from increased neurotransmitter release and adding of receptor sites

Long term potentiation

____ ____ ___ involves associating each item with a location

Method of loci

Both learning an memory rely on changes in brain chemistry and physiology the extent of which depends on ________ which decreases as we age

Neuroplasticity

With repetition the _____ ___ becomes the _____ ___ that produces a conditioned response

Neutral stimulus conditioned stimulus

________ ____ or modeling is the acquisition of behavior by watching others

Observational learning

_____ _____ behavior is changed through the use of consequences

Operant conditioning

Rhyming to remember is also called

Peg leg

An individual memorizes a shopping list by associating each item with an image that corresponds to a number. This individual is using which of the following mnemonic? A. Clustering B. Method of loci C. Elaborating rehearsal D. peg words

Peg words

A credit card company begins applying an interest rate to credit card accounts in response to late fees. This is an example of

Positive punishment the bank is adding a fee to motivate the person to pay

_______ decreases the likelihood of a behavior

Punishment

recognition is stronger than ______

Recall

_______ increases the likelihood of a behavior

Reinforcement

When we can put information into our own lives, it is called

Self reference effect

Meaningful context is also known as

Semantic encoding

___ and _____ ____ memory we transient and are based on neurotransmitter activity

Sensory and short term

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache

What is an example of negative punishment

Taking away a phone when bad behavior was committed

Mental math is an example of

Working memory

____ memory requires short term memory attention and executive function to manipulate information

Working memory

A researcher uses a partial report procedure after presenting participants with an array of 9 numbers for a fraction of a second. Which of the following is the most likely result of the procedure? A. The participants will be able to recall any if the rows or columns in great detail but only immediately after presentation B. The participants will only be able to recall the first few #'s in the array due to serial position effects C. The participants will be able to recall appx 7 of the numbers a few seconds following the presentation D. The participants will be be able to recall them verbally but under hypnosis

a

Which of the following would most likely be encoded in long term memory A. Nonsense words b. 15 random birhtdates C. A list of names of musicians in an individuals favorite band D. A list of dates of battles to the civil war

c

______ of information is often based on priming interconnected nodes of the semantic network

retrieval

Facts are stored via

semantic networks