Chapter 3 bio 160

In 1859, French chemist and microbiologist ______ disproved spontaneous generation of cells, which added evidence to support the cell theory.

All cells use energy to accomplish cell processes. All cells contain DNA, which is duplicated and passed to new cells when the cell divides.

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s.

All organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells originate from preexisting cells. The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.

Fill in the blank question. A(n) is the smallest and most basic unit of life and can function as one or many working together.

Blank 1: cell

All living things consist of one or more

Blank 1: cells, living cells, or cell

Fill in the blank question. Proteins that increase the speed of chemical reactions on the cell membrane and in other parts of the cell are called

Blank 1: enzymes, catalysts, catalyst, or Enzymes

Fill in the blank question. The cell membrane can be described as a(n) mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.

Blank 1: fluid or fluid mosiac

A eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell in that it contains

Correct Answer a nucleus.

Select the three scientists that proposed the three components of the cell theory in the mid-1800s.

Virchow Schwann Schleiden

In all cells, RNA and ribosomes play a role in the production of ______, which are molecules that carry out all of the cell's work.

proteins

Select all of the following that describe electron microscopes.

provide greater magnification than light microscopes expensive to build and operate use beam of electrons instead of light usually require that specimen be killed

What type of cell membrane proteins help the body identify its own cells?

recognition proteins

Select the three common shapes of bacterial cells.

rod-shaped round spiral

What type of microscope allows resolution of objects that are about 5 nanometers in size?

electron

Modern cell theory added three more ideas to the original cell theory, including that all cells have the same chemical composition, all cells use ______, and all cells contain ______ as the genetic information that is duplicated and passed on when cells divide.

energy; DNA

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes chemical composition of flagella molecules that compose the cell membranes

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer.

small nonpolar molecules lipids O2 and CO2

What type of organic molecules help maintain membrane fluidity as temperature fluctuates?

steroids

Select all of the following that are components of cell membranes.

steroids phospholipids proteins

Imagine an inflating balloon. As the balloon grows, its volume increases _____ than its surface area.

faster

In some types of bacteria, appendages called ______ rotate like a propeller and allow movement forward or backward.

flagella

A small, cube-shaped object has a surface area to volume ratio that is ______ that of a large, cube-shaped object.

greater than

The portion of the phospholipid bilayer indicated by the circle in the picture is

hydrophobic.

Dutch scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek improved lenses for magnification and used them in devices called

microscopes.

Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells.

most have cell walls lack nuclei and organelles can have flagella2

In prokaryotic cells, DNA congregates in an area called the

nucleoid.

Scottish surgeon Robert Brown was the first to observe a roughly circular structure in plant cells that he called the

nucleus.

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the

outside environment.

Select all of the following that are components of phospholipid molecules, which are the main constituents of cell membranes.

phosphate group glycerol molecule two fatty acids

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule. Multiple choice question. polysaccharide

phospholipid

Select all of the following that are able to move laterally within the cell membrane, giving it the description of a fluid mosaic.

phospholipids proteins

What is the function of recognition proteins in the plasma membrane?

identify the cell as belonging to the body and a certain tissue type

Select the organelles that are involved in the production of milk proteins to be secreted by mammary gland cells in animals called mammals.

Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum nucleus

What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

Hooke

Match each type of intercellular junction with its correct description.

Plasmodesmata: tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cellsTight junctions: fuse cell membranes of adjacent animals cells, forming a barrierAnchoring junctions: connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one placeGap junctions: channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

RNA DNA ribosomes cytoplasm

More powerful microscopes of the nineteenth century allowed ______ to first observe and name nuclei.

Robert Brown

Select all of the following that correctly describe plant organelles called plastids.

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Some, such as chloroplasts, synthesize pigments. Some assemble and store starch.

True or false: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms.

True

Proteins on the surfaces of cell membranes which enable cells to stick to other cells are called ______ proteins.

adhesion

What cell shape has the most efficient exchange of materials between the cell's interior and exterior?

cell with more surface area relative to volume

Fill in the blank question. The theory states that all life is composed of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of all life.

cell, cellular, early cell, or unified cell

What component of plant cell walls aligns into crisscrossing fibers that provide great strength?

cellulose

What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

central vacuole

Select all of the following that are types of light microscopes.

compound confocal

The fluid part of the cell cytoplasm is called

cytosol.

The long, thin ears of desert mammals are adaptations that ______, which facilitates the loss of body heat. Multiple choice question. decrease surface area

increase surface area

What type of cytoskeleton filament is shown in the picture?

intermediate filament

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

larger than prokaryotic cells system of internal membranes nucleus

The ______ produced in the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis

mRNA

Organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are enclosed by

membranes.

Archaeans called methanogens use carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the environment and produce ______ as a byproduct.

methane

Select all the organelles that are thought to have arisen by endosymbiosis.

mitochondria chloroplasts

What eukaryotic organelle is shown in the picture and functions in the production of cellular energy by cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

In this illustration of a nucleus, what are the small, purple, circular structures?

nuclear pores

The image shows a(n)

phospholipid bilayer of a membrane.

Match the domain with the correct description.

Bacteria matches Choice small cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane, and prokaryotic Archaea matches Choice small cell size, nonfatty acid lipids in the cell membrane, and prokaryotic Eukarya matches Choice possible larger cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane, and nucleus present

Fill in the blank question. junctions link cytoskeletal filaments of adjacent animal cells in one place, like a rivet.

Blank 1: Anchoring, Adhering, Desmosome, anchoring, anchoring (or adhering), or adherens

Protists, including the single-celled organisms Amoeba and Paramecium, belong to domain

Blank 1: Eukarya, eukarya, eukaryotes, or eukaryota

Fill in the blank question. Some protists, like Paramecium, are able to move through a watery environment with thousands of short extensions on the cell called .

Blank 1: cilia or cilium

Fill in the blank question. The microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules shown in the picture comprise the , which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

Blank 1: cytoskeleton

Select all of the functions of the bacterial cell wall.

protect the cell give the cell its shape prevent the cell from bursting

Select all of the following that describe gap junctions.

protein channels between adjacent animal cells allow the coordinated contraction of heart muscle cells

Match each description to the correct type of electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM) or scanning electron microscope (SEM).

sEM matches Choice reveals topography of specimen's surface TEM matches Choice shows internal features of specimen; highest resolution electron microscope

Select all of the following that are true about prokaryotes.

simplest types of life lack a nucleus most ancient forms of life on Earth

Match the numbered arrow with the correct part of the mitochondrion.

1 matches Choice inner membrane 2 matches Choice outer membrane 3 matches Choice DNA within matrix 4--folds of inner membrane matches Choice cristae

Match each number on the diagram to its correct label.

1 matches Choice ribosomes 2 matches Choice cytosol 3 matches Choice nucleoid region with DNA 4 matches Choice cell membrane 5 matches Choice cell wall 6 matches Choice polysaccharide capsule 7 matches Choice flagellum

Put the following steps in order for making a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell, beginning with the first step at the top of the list.

1. In the nucleus, genes in the DNA that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA).2. The mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. 3. The mRNA binds to a ribosome of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and produces a protein, which exits the endoplasmic reticulum in a vesicles. 4. The vesicle delivers the protein to the Golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell. 5. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein to the extracellular environment.

Select all of the following that are examples in which the ratio of surface area to volume of cells is increased.

1. paramecia are horizontally flattened in shape2. amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane 3. nerve cells are long and thin

Match each description to the correct component surrounding a plant cell.

plasma membrane matches Choice encloses the cytoplasm and lies just under the secondary cell wall secondary cell wall matches Choice rigid, innermost portion of the cell wall primary cell wall matches Choice outer, more flexible layer of the cell wall middle lamella matches Choice region where adjacent cell walls meet

Tunnels called ______ occur in the cell walls of two adjacent plant cells and allow the cells to communicate and exchange materials with each other.

plasmodesmata

What plant structure can play a role in the spread of viruses from cell to cell?

plasmodesmata

Water, nutrients, hormones, and some organelles flow between adjacent plant cells through special channels in the cell wall called

plasmodesmata.

German biologists Schleiden and Schwann were the first to

propose the cell theory.

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

r vesicles

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.

ribosomes

What cell structure binds to mRNA coming from the nucleus and manufactures proteins?

ribosomes

Proteins to be secreted outside of a eukaryotic cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

What structure is colored red in this image of the endomembrane system and has ribosomes covering its exterior?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria.

some live in human intestines and help with digestion Earth's oldest organisms some are used to make pharmaceuticals important decomposers and producers

Lipids called ______, which include cholesterol, are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity.

steroids

Select all of the characteristics of organelles.

surrounded by membranes studded with membrane proteins contain distinct proteins

In mammals, mitochondrial DNA is inherited from

the female parent only.

In bacterial cells, the nucleoid is where the cell's ______ congregates.

DNA

In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is an organelle that functions in

DNA

Select all of the following that are found in chloroplasts.

DNA photosynthetic pigments stroma ribosomes thylakoids

Select the true statement describing how DNA in the nucleus is used to specify protein production by the cell.

DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus, and the mRNA is used outside the nucleus to make proteins.

In a cell, ______ is the genetic information of the cell, and RNA plays a role in the production of ______.

DNA; proteins

What is a network of sacs and tubules extending off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain

Eukarya.

Domain ______ is eukaryotic with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, whereas domains ______ and ______ are prokaryotic without nuclei or other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukarya; Archaea; Bacteria

Domain Archaea is more closely related to domain ______ than to the prokaryotic domain, ______.

Eukarya; Bacteria

The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Golgi apparatus

In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in the black circle indicated by the arrow is called the

Golgi apparatus.

Two types of electron microscopes are ______ electron microscopes, which pass electrons through a specimen, and ______ electron microscopes, which beam electrons over the surface of a metal-coated specimen.

transmission; scanning

Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell.

transportation aid for cell division structural support

Review this chapter's Investigating Life essay. Magnetosomes are adaptive because they allow bacteria to save energy as they move toward an optimal

O2 concentration.

______ are a category of plant organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes and can convert to many functions.

Plastids

Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

vacuoles

In the Golgi apparatus, proteins are sorted and packaged into ______ that deliver the proteins to their destinations.

vesicles

Turgor pressure in plant cells results from the expansion of the central vacuole as it fills with

water.

Why are ions and polar molecules unable to pass directly through a cell membrane?

The interior of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic.

What is a correct description of a confocal microscope?

White or laser light is focused through a lens, and the image passes through a pinhole.

Select all of the following that are present at the connection between normal cells of multicellular organisms.

a way for cells to adhere to one another ways that cells can communicate with each other

Enzymes in the lysosomes function at a more ______ pH than the cytoplasm, which means the enzymes only function within the enclosed lysosome, unless all of a cell's lysosomes burst at once.

acidic

What type of cell membrane protein enables neighboring cells to stick to each other?

adhesion proteins

As described in this chapter's Investigating Life essay, some bacteria contain magnetosomes, which allow bacteria to

align with Earth's magnetic field.

Select all of the following that are true about eukaryotic flagella.

anchored by basal body contain microtubules prominent in sperm cells

What type of prokaryotes are most closely related to eukaryotes?

archaea

Select all of the following types of cells that usually possess cell walls.

archaea fungi algae plant bacteria

If an mRNA specifies a protein to be used in the cell membrane or to be secreted from the cell, this protein is made on ribosomes that

attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Spiral or corkscrew, round, and rod-shaped are all common shapes of

bacteria.

In cell membranes, the phospholipids are arranged into a

bilayer.

In bacterial cells, what is the function of flagella?

cell movement

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of

cells.

As most plant cells lack lysosomes, what organelle in plant cells performs the functions of recycling and degradation of molecules and old organelles?

central vacuole

Each centrosome in animal cells contains two ______, which form basal bodies of flagella and cilia and spindle fibers of chromosomal division.

centrioles

In animal cells, structures called ______ are microtubule-organizing centers that contain the centrioles.

centrosomes

Select all of the following that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.

chloroplasts cell wall

What is a steroid molecule that is found in animal cell membranes and that maintains membrane fluidity?

cholesterol

Short, numerous, hairlike structures that surround some cells like a fringe, are powered by microtubules, and have coordinated movements are called

cilia.

Select all of the following that describe microtubules.

composed of tubulin subunits can be rapidly lengthened or shortened act as tracks for the movement of organelles within cells 23 nanometers in diameter

The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, called ______, contain the enzymes for cellular respiration.

cristae

The two-layered nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of a cell from the

cytoplasm.

Defective proteins, such as ankyrin and dystrophin, and impact injuries to brain cells can disrupt the normal structural support provided by the ______ and cause the cells to degenerate.

cytoskeleton

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cells lack the protein dystrophin, which is a component of the ______ in muscle cells.

cytoskeleton

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?

cytoskeleton

Select all of the following that are components of the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane.

cytoskeleton organelles ions and enzymes cytosol

The ______ is a protein network that occurs within the cytosol, provides support, and helps form ______.

cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections

Select all of the following that are true about peroxisomes.

dismantle toxins from the blood internal proteins can condense into crystals detoxifies H2O2 break down fatty acids

What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

Chloroplast

Select all of the following that are functions of lysosomes.

dismantle worm-out organelles lyse captured bacteria breakdown large food particles into smaller subunits

In eukaryotic cilia and flagella, the movement of the protein ______ slides adjacent microtubules against each other and causes bending of the appendage.

dynein

Select ways that cells avoid surface area limitations.

efficient transportation system within cell long or thin shape

The ______ includes all of the cell contents between the nucleus and the cell membrane.

Correct Answer cytoplasm

The watery mixture of ions, enzymes, and RNA within the cytoplasm is called the

Correct Answer cytosol.

What types of cells are likely to contain thousands of mitochondria?

energy-consuming muscle cells

The picture shows a(n) ______ cell.

eukaryotic

Outside of the cell membrane in many animals cells is the ______, which holds the cells together and coordinates some activities between cells.

extracellular matrix

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

extract energy from food

Select all of the locomotory structures that consist of shaft of microtubules linked together by dynein protein.

flagella cilia

What eukaryotic cellular extension is long, has a whiplike motion that propels cells, and usually occurs singly or in pairs?

flagellum

What type of cell junction is shown in the picture?

gap

What type of cell junction is shown in the picture?

gap junction

Select all of the following that describe intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.

have a diameter of 10 nanometers form an internal scaffold in the cytosol

Select all of the following that describe tight junctions.

join adjacent cells into sheets membrane proteins connect to actin in the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells create the "blood-brain barrier"

The ______ microscope is ideal for viewing living cells that are between 200 nanometers and 1 millimeter in size.

light

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly sliced specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

light microscope

If secondary cell walls are present in plant cells, they are located inside primary cell walls and are more rigid due to the presence of the polymer

lignin.

Within the nucleus, protein synthesis information in DNA is copied into ______, which then exit the nucleus through nuclear pores.

mRNA molecules

Cytoskeletal components called ______ are long, thin rods of actin protein that are used in muscle contractions, stretching and compression, and anchoring of cells.

microfilaments

What type of cell junction is shown in the picture?

nchoring junction

What structures allow the passage of regulatory proteins into the nucleus and mRNA molecules out of the nucleus?

nuclear pores

The enzymes in one lysosome could not digest a cell because the ______ of the lysosome is much ______ than the neutral cytoplasm, and therefore the lysosome enzymes would not be able to function fully in the cell cytoplasm.

pH; more acidic

What microbiologist discovered key molecular differences between two types of prokaryotes, and following his work, biologists divided life into three domains?

Carl Woese

What is the smallest unit of life that can function independently?

Cell

Select all of the following that are examples in which the ratio of surface area to volume of cells is increased.

Nerve cells are long and thin.Paramecia are horizontally flattened in shape.Amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane.

______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Select all the examples that correctly demonstrate the relationship between surface area and volume.

Root hairs, flat leaves, and feathery gills increase surface area. Cellular extensions increase the cell's surface area to volume ratio. A large, round cell has a lower surface area to volume ratio than a thin, flat cell.

In 1855, who proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells?

Rudolph Virchow

True or false: Most cells have a small size that is less than 0.1 mm in diameter to maximize surface area relative to volume.

True

Select all of the following that are true about Archaea.

can occupy same environments as bacteria include methanogens and extremophiles found in extreme and moderate environments

Outside the cell wall in the bacterium shown, a layer of polysaccharides called the ______ aids in protection and attachment.

capsule

The outer polysaccharide layer colored green in the image of a bacterium and indicated by the arrow is called the

capsule.

The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

cell wall

What did Robert Hooke call the little units he observed when he viewed cork under lenses of glass?

cells

The image shows an enlarged diagram of the cell walls of two adjacent plant cells. Match the numbered arrows with their correct layer of the plant cells.

4 (dark green-colored layer) matches Choice primary cell wall 3 (light green-colored layer) matches Choice secondary cell wall 2 matches Choice middle lamella 1 (yellow-colored layer) matches Choice cell membrane

Using improved lenses incorporated into the first simple microscopes, ______ observed many types of microscopic organisms but also perpetuated the idea of spontaneous generation in late 1600s.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Fill in the blank question. proteins bind to molecules and ions on the outside of the cell, triggering a reaction on the inside of the cell.

Blank 1: Receptor, receptor, or receptor proteins

Fill in the blank question. proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water-soluble materials into or out of the cell.

Blank 1: Transport or transport

Fill in the blank question. Cytoskeletal components called filaments are made of different proteins depending upon the cell type and help to maintain cell shape and bind some cells together.

Blank 1: intermediate

Fill in the blank question. All cells have a cell that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

Blank 1: membrane or plasma membrane

Fill in the blank question. Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Blank 1: smooth, smooth ER, ser, or smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions?

Correct Answer peroxisome

Lysosomes originate from vesicles that bud from the ______, and the enzymes contained in lysosomes are synthesized in the ______.

Golgi apparatus; rough ER

______ are flattened membrane sacs within a chloroplast where photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll, are embedded.

Thylakoids

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of chloroplasts?

carry out photosynthesis

The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell.

endomembrane

Peroxisomes are organelles that originate at the ______ and contain enzymes that dispose of toxic substances.

endoplasmic reticulum

What theory describes how ancient organisms engulfed bacterial cells and, instead of being digested, the bacterial cells became organelles within the host cells?

endosymbiosis

Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

enzymes

Cells that contain membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus are called

eukaryotic cells.

In animal tissues where cells are not in direct contact with each other, what holds cells together and coordinates cell activities?

extracellular matrix

What is the function of membrane proteins that are enzymes?

facilitate chemical reactions

Fill in the blank question. The cell wall openings in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to junctions in animal cells.

gap

Select all of the following that describe microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

help anchor cells to each other composed of the protein actin function in cell contraction and compression

Select all of the following that are roles of cell walls.

help determine cell specialization regulate cell volume provide shape

Select all of the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

house enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons synthesize lipids

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify ______, a highly reactive compound that is produced by some chemical reactions in the cell and can damage the cell by causing oxygen free radicals.

hydrogen peroxide

The head of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus water-insoluble.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Lysosomes are often required to process ______, which reach toxic levels in the brain cells of people with malfunctioning lysosomes (a condition called Tay-Sachs disease).

lipids

Select types of cells that have relatively more lysosomes.

liver cells white blood cells

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

lysosome

What structure is depicted by the two layers highlighted in yellow in this picture of the nucleus?

nuclear envelope

Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the

nucleolus.

The endomembrane system is a coordinated system of ______ in eukaryotic cells.

organelles

What feature enables eukaryotic cells to keep biochemicals and related structures in close proximity and increase efficiency within a relatively large cell volume?

organelles

Within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, there are multiple specialized compartments called

organelles.

What types of plant cells are packed with chloroplasts?

photosynthesizing leaf cells

Match each description with its correct type of cell: plant cell or animal cell.

plant cell matches Choice cell wall and chloroplasts present animal cell matches Choice centrioles present

What prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted by blue color in the picture?

r nucleus

Some medicines that treat depression block ______ proteins on brain cell surfaces from absorbing serotonin.

receptor

The endoplasmic ______ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

reticulum

Match the following cellular features found in all cells with their correct function in the cell.

ribosome matches Choice structures that manufacture proteins cytoplasm matches Choice all cell contents except the nucleus cell membrane matches Choice lipid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment DNA matches Choice the cell's genetic information

Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.

ribosomes cytoplasm enzymes DNA

Select all of the following that are found in mitochondria.

ribosomes matrix DNA enzymes

Based on Carl Woese's work, biologists recognized _____ domains of life.

three

In animal cells, cell junctions called ______ junctions form barriers between cells that prevent leaking of fluids and water-soluble molecules. Multiple choice question. adhering

tight

What type of cell junction is shown in the picture?

tight junction

What type of cell membrane protein allows molecules and ions to enter or exit the cell?

transport proteins

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

transport substances into and out of the cell receive and respond to external stimuli enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

Select all of the following that describe compound microscopes.

type of light microscope uses two or more lenses to focus visible light commonly used in biology lab courses

The protein produced by a free ribosome (left panel) will most likely be ______, while the protein produced by a ribosome attached to the rough ER's membrane (right panel) will most likely be ______.

used in the cytosol; used in the cell membrane

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called

vesicles.

Membrane proteins synthesized in the ER are transported in ______ to the ______, where the proteins will complete their folding and be packaged for export to the cell membrane.

vesicles; Golgi apparatus