Chapter 3 Culture

Ethnocentrism is a term that encapsulates the idea of someone reflexively believing his culture is natrually superior to others, and often judging other cultures by his own values

true

Otaku culture originated in what country?

Japan

Any physical object that has social meaning can be considered a part of material culture.

True

Which of the following provides an arena for playing out culture wars ?

media

Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Which of the following are examples of dominant culture in the US

Dominant culture: music played on most radio stations not dominant culture: movies shown at small art houses, science fiction conventions

What is one of the main points of horace Mine's Article "Body Ritual among the Nicirema ?

It is easy to take one's own culture for granted

Which term refers to enforcing norms that include postive and negative versions

sanctions

The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts

culture wars

Identify each scenario as violating a folkway, a more, or neither

a woman walking down the street with no shirt on: more a three year old walking down the street with no shirt on : neither a man walking down the street with no shirt on : folkway

Identify each scenario as ethnocentrism , cultural relativism, or neither

An american believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English: cultural relativism an American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because english is the superior language : ethnocentrism an american believes that he should learn spanish because it could be of value to him: neither

Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

An indigenous people have no equivalent words for planet, Earth, or world. They do not view a macro picture of multiple planets.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about cultural change

Cultural ______ usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations, while cultural ______ occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another. A third type of cultural change is cultural ________, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through __________ rather than by ________ diffusion, leveling, imperialism, media and consumer product, military force

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about components of culture

Signs, gestures, and language, as well as values and norms, are all part of ______ culture. ______ are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden, while ______ often include severe repercussions and public condemnation. The most powerful of all norms are _____ symbolic, laws, mores, taboos

Identify the true and false statements about how sociologists study culture.

TRUE: Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups. FALSE: Sociologists debate the morals and values of an ideal culture. Sociologists study the cultures of the past, digging for artifacts that document the historical realities of peoples long dead.

Match the theoretical perspective to its approach to culture

Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. (symbolic interactionism) Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society. (conflict theory) Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. (structural functionalism)

Which of the following are examples of moral holiday

halloween the night in the home city of the team that wins the Super Bowl

what cultural concept correctly classifies the idea of equality in the US

ideal culture

Identify the true and false statements about culture

true: culture is handed down from generation to generation culture includes both symbolic and material elements culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world false: culture is second nature

which of the following elements could be considered culture ?

Correct: historical artifacts, films, style of dress incorrect: dogs

one of the most significant influences on any society is its material culture. And most changes in material culture tend to be technological. Place each technological change in chronological order.

Television internet smartphones tablet devices

Which of the following are examples of cultural leveling?

The worldwide dominance of American music, movies, and other media in many countries throughout Europe and Asia. The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of cultural diffusion for which reason?

Twitter and FB were originally products of the western world that have been adopted by people in other countries

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage.

________, an international group of cyber activists—or "hacktivists"—who carry out their attacks online, is an example of a _________group. Their targets have included large corporations and major financial institutions such as Nissan, Visa, PayPal, Bank of America, and the New York Stock Exchange. Members of Anonymous have also sought to undermine the operations of terrorist organizations such as ________. At the same time, Anonymous has also lent its computer skills to social movements such as __________ to help advance their cause. Anonymous , countercultrual, ISIS, Black Lave Matter

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

hegemony

The slogan " What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of what cultural concept

moral holiday

Culture is the human equivalent of instinct in animals

true