Chapter 3: Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dLm (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena?
Exacerbation
What is a misconception about chronic disease?
Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.
The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. While opening an instrument, the outer wrapper of the sterilized instrument touchs the extreme edge of the field. Which of the following should the nurse do next.
Discard the sterile field and prepare a new one
After studying concepts of health and wellness, the nursing student realizes that many different things influence a client's personal perception of health. Which influences should the student list as factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.
Family Culture Community Society
When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?
Focus on what is possible.
A nursing instructor is working with a class of first semester nursing students. The instructor explains the interrelatedness of health and wellness. What would be the best definition the nursing instructor could give of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
The nursing instructor is teaching the students about health and wellness and identifies which definition of health as the best?
Health is a state of complete well-being.
The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?
It focuses on what people believe to be true about their health.
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?
Modifiable
The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?
Physical dimension
A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
Primary
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level(s) of health promotion is this an example of?
Primary
A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?
Secondary prevention
A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?
Tertiary prevention
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host-Environment Model
A man with Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home will follow directions for dressing and feeding better with one nurse than with other staff members. This factor is related to
Therapeutic model of interaction
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?
To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.
When providing holistic care to a client, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is necessary? Select all that apply.
Understand and respect each person's definition of health. Understand and respect each person's responses to illness.
A 90-year-old woman has a Staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the:
agent.
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?
assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury
To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:
consume a diet low in fat.
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?
coronary artery disease
A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.)
examples of heart-healthy diet information on increasing activity and exercise
A client is admitted to the mental health centre with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is priority for the nurse to manage?
freedom from harm
A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse would focus on which area?
health promotion
A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?
health promotion
The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:
high-level wellness
The nurse is caring for a client admitted for the third time in 90 days with a diagnosis of heart failure. What nursing activities on a tertiary level will the nurse educate the client regarding to prevent readmission?
importance of adhering to a low sodium diet
A group of students is reviewing the various levels of illness prevention. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a goal of tertiary prevention of illness?
minimizing complications
The nurse is explaining primary and secondary care to the client. Which nursing activity reflects secondary care as provided by the nurse?
ordering a mammography
The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed (GI). The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?
secondary
A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:
self-concept.
Which client would benefit from the nurse including interventions addressing their social health in the plan of care?
spouse and parent who is angry about no longer being able to work due to a spinal cord injury
A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?
symptoms are not experienced
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
tertiary
A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system? sem
Secondary care
A 13-year-old client with cystic fibrosis has just recovered from a superimposed respiratory infection and is going home tomorrow. The client confides in the nurse that her home life is not the greatest right now. Her parents are fighting a lot. Sometimes, her mother has too much to drink and starts throwing things at people. At times she gets scared her mom will hurt someone. She feels as if she is causing her parents to fight and causing her mom to drink because she is always in the hospital. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, which issue should take priority when caring for this client?
She feels scared that her mother will hurt someone.
Nurses understand the importance of adopting healthy behaviors so that they can better care for clients. What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.
Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight
Research has shown that the incidence of chronic conditions is increasing. Which lifestyle factor is associated with chronic diseases?
Smoking
The nursing student who has diarrhea before every test and every clinical understands that this is not a healthy behavior. The student is aware that this negative effect can impact overall health. The nurse manager recognizes that this student needs to focus on which dimension of health?
Emotional dimension
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:
homeostasis.
Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.
When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by his personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating understanding of which health model?
Health belief model
37s The nurse is caring for a client admitted for the third time in 90 days with a diagnosis of heart failure. What nursing activities on a tertiary level will the nurse educate the client regarding to prevent readmission?
importance of adhering to a low sodium diet
An elderly patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because he lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, he has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of his care is characteristic of which stage of illness?
Assuming a dependent role
A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply.
Administering medications Providing wound care
The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?
instructing a client how to use crutches
Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:
the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.
