chapter 3 Inquiz.

Identify the statements that describe how the Enlightenment ideas affected the colonial population

-Enlightenment thinkers promoted freedom of thought, rational inquiry, scientific research, and individual freedom. These ideas were adopted by influential members of the intellectual elite in the colonies. -Enlightenment thinkers supported political freedom. As such, they provided justification for revolution against tyrannical monarchies.

Identify the various elements of the triangular trade.

-New England merchants shipped meat and fish from North American colonies to the West Indies in exchange for sugar and molasses. -New England merchants shipped rum to the west coast of Africa in exchange for slaves. -New England merchants shipped molasses and sugar to England, where they were exchanged for manufactured goods or luxury item goods. -New England merchants sold African slaves in the West Indies in exchange for Caribbean commodities, including molasses.

Match the custom or skill to its most common African region.

African coast - rice cultivation Correct label: rice cultivation African lowlands - boating Correct label: boating West Africa - yam cultivation Correct label: yam cultivation

Identify the impact disease, starvation, and warfare, which routinely plagued the colonies, had on their population growth.

Although disease, war, and starvation made establishing colonies very difficult, after a colony was more stable and secure, the population continuously increased.

The ideas and experiences brought by the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening encouraged a commitment to individual freedom and resistance to authority that would play an important role in the American Revolution of 1776. Who most represented the ideals of the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason in America?

BEN FRANKLIN Franklin personified the Enlightenment in America. He was devoted to scientific investigation, and was pragmatic and irreverent. As a true follower of Enlightenment ideas, he loved science and reason.

Identify the concerns of radical evangelists, such as the Tennents, and the impact they had on Pennsylvania's colonial elite.

By attacking the luxurious excesses of the colonial elite, they threatened to disrupt social order. They sought to expose tame and incompetent ministers

Identify the situations in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that contributed to European settlement in the English colonies.

Farmworkers, squeezed by the rise of commercial agriculture, immigrated to the colonies. Poverty in Europe led many to accept the risks and costs associated with immigrating to the colonies.

Identify how Deism affected Benjamin Franklin's beliefs and accomplishments.

His scientific experiments ranged across various fields of inquiry. He prized science and reason and rejected dogmatic religion.

Identify all of the consequences of the enclosure movement in Europe.

Homelessness increased in England. More English citizens pursued a better life in the colonies. Unemployment in England increased. Starvation was rampant in England. Landless farmers were displaced throughout England.

During the 1730s, the Great Awakening spread throughout the thirteen colonies. What changes did the movement bring to the colonial people?

It democratized religion, giving more power to the individual. It placed religion at the center of most conversations. It influenced the American Revolution by nurturing an American commitment to individual freedom and resistance to authority.

Describe the enclosure movement in Europe and how it contributed to demographic changes in English colonies.

It was an aristocratic movement to fence off previously common-use land in Europe. Farmers were forced off the land, and as a result moved to cities and colonies in search of new opportunities.

By the eighteenth century, race-based slavery was taken as normal practice. Few people considered it a moral issue. Identify the statement that describes the practice of slavery within the colonies.

People in the colonies believed that race-based slavery was justified because of the "backwardness" of Africans.

Identify how the labor trends shifted in the southern colonies beginning in the late seventeenth century.

Rich southern plantation owners shifted from indentured servants to African slaves as their primary source of labor

Identify how the labor trends shifted in the southern colonies beginning in the late seventeenth century

Rich southern plantation owners shifted from indentured servants to African slaves as their primary source of labor.

Identify the components of New England's colonial economy.

Shipbuilding flourished and helped to create and sustain a profitable trade with Europe and the West Indies. The bountiful coast supported a flourishing fishing export industry.

Among European settlers, the middle colonies were the most diverse in British North America in the eighteenth century.

TRUE The middle colonies included a large Dutch population in New York and Germans and Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania as well as other various groups, such as Jews and French Huguenots, that reflected a tradition of ethnic and religious tolerance by both colonial governments.

Identify the movements that had profound effects on the colonies.

The Great Awakening The Enlightenment period

Complete the passage to describe the Stono Rebellion in the eighteenth century.

The Stono Rebellion took place in South Carolina. Twenty slaves attacked a store, killed the owner, and seized weapons before heading toward the Spanish-controlled territory of Florida. They gathered more recruits along the way. In a short time, the slaves had killed twenty-five whites, but soon after were caught by the militia. About sixty were later captured and had their heads cut off and displayed by enraged planters.

Complete the passage to describe the African slave trade.

The continent of Africa was an ethnically diverse land that experienced constant civil wars between competing groups. Those who were defeated in battle were often captured and sold into slavery. Eventually 10 million Africans from places as distant from each other as Senegal to Angola were forced to cross the Atlantic as slaves.

The English colonies and England itself experienced dramatic differences in life expectancy, birth rates, and death rates.Complete the passage to explain these differences.

The population in England's American colonies grew more quickly than the population in England itself for a number of reasons. Women in the colonies married earlier than their European counterparts, and as a result had larger families. Additionally, mortality rates were lower in the colonies than in England. This was because the colonies had healthier living conditions, and the population was younger and less susceptible to disease.

Identify what slave codes were and the impact they had on blacks living in the colonies.

They made it legal for whites to abuse blacks verbally and physically. They were laws that regulated and restricted the lives of slaves.

Elizabeth Pinckney's decision to manage her family's plantation demonstrates what characteristics about women in eighteenth-century colonial America?

Women were able to succeed at "men's work." Women took initiative and exercised leadership outside the home.

Identify the rights that women were denied in English colonial America.

ability to bring lawsuits access to education voting rights

In his 1735 description of Northampton's religious progress, Jonathan Edwards declared that "it was no longer the tavern, but the Minister's house" that drew local crowds. Identify what this quotation signified for the English colony.

colonists turning away from sinful pleasures toward the full presence of God the success of religious revival in Puritan New England

There were more women in English America than in New Spain and New France, which led to greater equality for women in the English colonies.

false English America had far more women than New Spain and New France. But, most European colonists brought to America their strong beliefs that women were inferior. In most colonies this meant that they couldn't vote, hold office, attend schools or colleges, bring lawsuits, sign contracts, or become ministers. Women's work was focused in the house, garden, and fields.

The Great Awakening strengthened the authority of established churches by emphasizing the importance of service and collaboration.

false The Great Awakening undermined many established churches by emphasizing that individuals did not need the guidance of their ministers to receive God's grace.

Women took on a variety of roles within English colonial life. Identify the roles that were usually classified as "women's work."

housework field work garden work

Compare the societies and economies of the southern, New England, and middle colonies. The middle colonies, due to their central location, shared various elements with both the New England and southern colonies. Match the economic sectors with the colonies in which they were most commonly found. (Not all answers will be used.)

the middle and New England colonies: -Primary agricultural products were wheat, barley, and oats. - Livestock was a central aspect of the economy.

The middle colonies, due to their central location, shared various elements with both the New England and southern colonies. Match the economic sectors with the colonies in which they were most commonly found. (Not all answers will be used.)

the middle and New England colonies: -Primary agricultural products were wheat, barley, and oats. - Livestock was a central aspect of the economy.

The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment actually achieved similar ends, despite the drastically different roads taken by the two movements.

true Both movements ended up fostering a unique sense of individual freedom and resistance to authority within the American colonies.

The majority of the population of South Carolina throughout the eighteenth century was African.

true Ninety percent of slaves brought from Africa to the British colonies in North America were taken to the southern colonies. As a result, Africans became a considerable portion of the population in many regions of the South and a majority in South Carolina.

The majority of Europeans lived in extreme poverty over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As a result, many citizens were willing to risk their lives to immigrate to the English colonies in North America in search of new opportunities.

true Poor farmers in Europe were being forced off their land. Jobless city workers were struggling to survive in urban ghettos. Everywhere, people were moving from farms to villages, from villages to cities, and from homelands to colonies. Extreme poverty spurred waves of immigration to the English colonies.

Slavery was a standard practice within the British colonies in North America by the eighteenth century, particularly in the southern territories. Colonial legislatures began to formally legalize the institution in the second half of the seventeenth century.

true Some colonial legislatures began legalizing slavery as early as the 1660s. During the colonial era, slavery was legal in all the colonies even though it was most prevalent in the South. Slave codes were developed to regulate the behavior of slaves. This included details on punishments.

Identify the group of people that provided the primary source of labor in the English colonies up until the mid-seventeenth century.

white European indentured servants

In which ways did the institution of slavery change after the American Revolution?

√Correct choiceThe ideas of freedom and equality proposed by the Revolution did not modify the general attitude toward slavery.