Chapter 3 Seasonal and Daily Temperatures

In July in northern hemisphere, how long are the days about five feet above the ground occurs when?

more than 12 hours getting shorter

At what latitude would you expect to receive the most solar radiation during a 24 hour period during the early summer?

23.5 north

Which latitude experiences the fewest hours of daylight on Dec.22?

60 N

What occurs during an equinox?

An equinox occurs twice a year (around 20 March and 22 September), when the tilt of the Earth's axis is inclined neither away from nor towards the Sun, the center of the Sun being in the same plane as the Earth's equator. the days and nights are of equal length except at the poles b. at noon the sun is overhead at the equator c. the earth is not tilted toward nor away from the sun

The lower temperatures next to ground would be found on what type of night:

Clear, dry, calm night

What is true at the time of the summer solstice in June?

Days get longer so more sunlight

In the Northern Hemisphere,the day with the shortest number of daylight hours occur when?

Dec 21-22

Compared to a clear calm night what will happen to the minimum temperature if the wind speed increases and remains gusty throughout the night

Higher than predicted due to mixing.

On which date would the sun's rays be closest to being perpendicular to the earth's surface in the middle latitudes of North Hemisphere?

June 21

The astronomical beginning of spring occurs around what date in the Northern Hemisphere?

March 20

Indian Summer would most likely occur during the month of:

October

Our seasons are caused by what factors?

Tilt of the axis

The air temperature is 45o F, the wind is blowing at 30 MPH, and the wind chill temperature is 15o F. These conditions would be equivalent to:

a 15o F air temperature and 0 MPH winds

In calm air the air temperature is -10o C, if the wind speed should increase to 30 knots (with no change in air temperature) the thermometer would indicate:

a temperature of -10o C

Even though northern latitudes experience 24 hours of sunlight on June 22, why they are not warmer than latitudes further south?

a. Solar energy is spread over a larger area in northern latitudes. b. Some of the sun's energy is reflected by snow and ice in the northern latitudes. c. Increased cloud cover reflects solar energy in the northern latitudes. d. Solar energy is used to melt frozen soil in the northern latitudes. e. all of the above

The lowest temperature is usually observed:

around sunrise

During the winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the "land of the midnight sun" would be found:

at high latitudes

In the Northern Hemisphere, this day has the fewest hours of daylight:

b. winter solstice or Dec 21

Although the polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive by insolation in the course of a year, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year by what?

circulation of heat by the atmosphere and oceans

During the afternoon the greatest temperature difference between the surface air and the air several meters above occurs on a:

clear, calm afternoon

In clear weather the air next to the ground is usually ______ than the air above during the night, and ______ than the air above during the day.

colder, warmer

An Ideal shelter for housing a temperature measurement instrument would be where?

d. both white and in the shade. e. both black and in the shade.

This is used as a guide to planting and for determining the approximate date for harvesting crops:

growing degree-days

This is used as an index for fuel consumption:

heating degree-days

In most areas the warmest time of the day about 5 feet above the ground occurs:

in the afternoon between 2 and 5 pm

The word isolation refers to

incoming solar radiation

Between Christmas and New Year's in the Northern Hemisphere, the length of the day does what?

increases

The primary cause of a radiation inversion is:

infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface

Lines connecting points of equal temperature are called:

isotherms

what happens when a liquid thermometer is held in direct sunlight?

it will measure a much higher temperature than that of the air.

In the Northern Hemisphere,the day with the longest number of daylight hours occur when?

june 21

On a clear, calm, night, the ground and air above cool mainly by this process:

radiation

The wind-chill factor:

relates body heat loss with wind to an equivalent temperature with no wind

In summer, humid regions typically have ________daily temperature ranges and _______maximum temperatures than drier regions.

smaller, lower

For Maximum winter warmth, in the Northern Hemisphere, large windows in a house should face where?

south

where are the days and nights of equal length all year long?

the equator

The main reasons for warm summer in middle latitude are:

the sun is higher in the sky and we receive more direct solar radiation. the sun is higher and the days are longer.

Incoming solar radiation in middle latitude is less than winter than in summer because?

the tilt of the earth on its axis.

An important reason for the large daily temperature range over deserts is:

there is little water vapor in the air to absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation

The lag in daily temperature refers to the time lag between the:

time of maximum solar radiation and the time of maximum temperature

What occurs during the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?

vertical rays of the sun are at the Tropic of Capricorn. In the Southern Hemisphere, the winter solstice occurs in June when the vertical rays of the sun are at the Tropic of Cancer.)