Chapter 3 test
67) The anticodon for the triplet UCA is A) AGU. B) AGC. C) TCA. D) TGT. E) AGT.
A) AGU.
97) Which structure is water most likely to pass through? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
B) 2
4) The plasma membrane is composed of A) a bilayer of proteins. B) a bilayer of phospholipids. C) carbohydrate molecules. D) carbohydrates and proteins. E) carbohydrates and lipids.
B) a bilayer of phospholipids.
86) A blood cell undergoes crenation when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution. A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) hypotonic D) merotonic E) homotonic
B) hypertonic
66) The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is A) ATC. B) TAG. C) UAG. D) AUG. E) AUC.
C) UAG.
79) The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of A) osmosis. B) active transport. C) diffusion. D) facilitated transport. E) filtration.
C) diffusion.
71) What is the correct order of occurrence for the steps of protein synthesis? 1. mRNA is produced in nucleus. 2. Ribosome moves along mRNA 3. DNA uncoils for transcription. 4. Polypeptide is produced. 5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome. 6. mRNA moves to ribosome. A) 3, 1, 6, 2, 5, 4 B) 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5 C) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 6 D) 3, 5, 1, 6, 2, 4 E) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 6
A) 3, 1, 6, 2, 5, 4
74) What would the complimentary DNA template strand be to produce the mRNA sequence of UGU - CAA? A) ACA - GTT B) UCU - GUU C) CGC - ATT D) ACA - GUU E) TCT - GTT
A) ACA - GTT
90) If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur? A) The blood osmotic pressure will increase. B) The blood osmotic pressure will decrease. C) The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same. D) The blood hydrostatic pressure will increase. E) The blood hydrostatic pressure will decrease.
A) The blood osmotic pressure will increase.
20) Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains A) a higher concentration of potassium ions. B) a lower concentration of dissolved proteins. C) almost no glycogen. D) a higher concentration of amino acids. E) almost no lipids.
A) a higher concentration of potassium ions.
76) The DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder. What molecules form the "sides" of the DNA ladder? A) alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups B) carbohydrates and lipids C) repeating molecules of acids and bases D) amino acids and protein E) nitrogen bases and sugar molecules
A) alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups
81) Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through A) channels formed by integral proteins. B) peripheral proteins. C) lipid channels. D) peripheral carbohydrates. E) defects in the lipid layer of the membrane.
A) channels formed by integral proteins.
89) Red blood cell shrinkage is to ________ as red blood cell bursting is to ________. A) crenation; hemolysis B) lysis; crenation C) hypotonic; isotonic D) isotonic; hypotonic E) isotonic; hypertonic
A) crenation; hemolysis
12) The watery component of the cytoplasm is called A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) interstitial fluid. E) a colloidal gel.
A) cytosol.
65) Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of multiple ________ and ________. A) enzymes; three types of RNA B) enzymes; two types of RNA C) carbohydrates; three types of DNA D) proteins; three types of DNA E) enzymes; three types of DNA
A) enzymes; three types of RNA
15) Which of the following descriptors regarding cytoplasm is false? A) extracellular fluid contains more protein B) the material that fills a cell C) variable consistency D) includes cytoskeleton E) includes cytosol
A) extracellular fluid contains more protein
80) Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following except A) hydrolysis of ATP. B) the presence of the membrane channels. C) the charge on the ion. D) concentration gradient. E) lipid solubility.
A) hydrolysis of ATP.
13) Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except A) lysosomes. B) cilia. C) centrioles. D) ribosomes. E) cytoskeleton.
A) lysosomes.
96) Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances, A) more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood. B) more carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood. C) less carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood. D) less carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood. E) the amount of carbon dioxide diffusion will remain unchanged.
A) more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood.
53) Histones are found in A) nucleosomes. B) proteasomes. C) lysosomes. D) vesicles. E) endosomes.
A) nucleosomes.
56) The control center for cellular operations is the A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) Golgi apparatus. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) ribosome.
A) nucleus.
73) The duplication of DNA is called ________, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________, and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________. A) replication; transcription; translation B) interphase; replication; active transport C) replication; translation; transcription D) mitosis; duplication; protein synthesis E) reproduction; duplication; initiation
A) replication; transcription; translation
25) Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondria D) nucleoli E) Golgi apparatus
A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
72) The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________, the same unit of mRNA is called a ________, which, during protein synthesis, is matched by the ________ of tRNA. A) triplet; codon; anticodon B) nitrogen base; sugar; phosphate C) codon; anticodon; ribosome D) gene; triplet; amino acid E) triplet; co-triplet; gene
A) triplet; codon; anticodon
47) Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6
B) 2
45) Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that A) cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived. B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand. C) cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply. D) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand. E) some cells are older than others.
B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
57) The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are A) nucleoplasm. B) chromatin and histones. C) histones. D) nucleases. E) mitochondria.
B) chromatin and histones.
92) There is a direct correlation between the potency of a general anesthetic such as ether and its ability to A) dissolve in water. B) dissolve in lipids. C) bind to proteins. D) interact with carbohydrates. E) bind to DNA.
B) dissolve in lipids.
16) Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions. A) carbohydrates B) enzymes C) lipids D) messengers E) ions
B) enzymes
58) The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the A) cytoplasm. B) gene. C) codon. D) anticodon. E) polypeptide itself.
B) gene.
59) The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are A) chromosomes. B) genes. C) ribosomes. D) codons. E) RNA.
B) genes.
88) The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) diffusion E) toxic
B) hypotonic
94) A patient suffers blood loss and is given IV fluids that contain an impermeable carbohydrate called dextran, which serves to A) provide nutrition. B) increase the osmolarity of the blood. C) make the blood hypertonic. D) decrease the osmolarity of the blood. E) reduce blood clotting.
B) increase the osmolarity of the blood.
34) Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to A) ribosomes. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) flagella. E) microvilli.
B) microfilaments
42) Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum except A) storage and release of calcium ions. B) modification of protein. C) synthesis of steroid hormones. D) synthesis of triglycerides. E) detoxification of drugs.
B) modification of protein.
39) Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein? A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) chromosome D) proteasome E) mitochondria
B) nucleolus
27) Organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are A) lysosomes. B) peroxisomes. C) endocytic vesicles. D) nuclei. E) toxisomes.
B) peroxisomes.
44) Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies
B) steroid hormones
70) The molecule that brings the proper amino acid into place at the ribosome for the elongation of a new protein is called A) mRNA. B) tRNA. C) ATP. D) Na-K. E) rRNA.
B) tRNA.
91) If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant, A) the cells will shrink. B) the cells will swell. C) the fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic. D) the fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic. E) the cells will not change.
B) the cells will swell.
64) The process of forming mRNA is called A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) ribolation. E) auscultation.
B) transcription
69) Thymine is replaced by which nitrogen base in RNA? A) ribose B) uracil C) guanine D) thymine is not replaced in RNA E) cytosine
B) uracil
1) The smallest living unit within the human body is A) a protein. B) the cell. C) a tissue. D) an organ. E) an organ system.
B.) cell
33) Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8). 1. mitochondrion 5. intracellular transport 2. centriole 6. liquid in cell 3. endoplasmic reticulum 7. provides cell energy 4. cytosol 8. aids the formation of the spindle apparatus A) 1 and 7, 2 and 6, 3 and 8, 4 and 5 B) 1 and 8, 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7 C) 1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6 D) 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8 E) 1 and 6, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 7
C) 1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6
49) Which structure produces ATP for the cell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6
C) 3
99) What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6
C) 3
50) Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
C) 6
54) Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________. A) RNA; carbohydrates B) DNA; lipids C) DNA; proteins D) water; RNA E) RNA; proteins
C) DNA; proteins
95) Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation? A) Water will continue to move from side 1 to side 2. B) Water will continue to move from side 2 to side 1. C) The volume of water will be greater in side 1. D) The volume of water will be greater in side 2. E) It is impossible to determine the answer.
C) The volume of water will be greater in side 1.
9) Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. A) enables ions to pass B) forms enzymes C) affects membrane permeability D) anchors the phospholipids E) All of the answers are correct.
C) affects membrane permeability
18) Microfilaments A) are usually composed of myosin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane. D) interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions. E) are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.
C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
28) When activated, lysosomes function in A) formation of new cell membranes. B) synthesis of proteins. C) digestion of materials. D) synthesis of lipids. E) cell division.
C) digestion of materials.
6) The tails of a phospholipid molecule are A) hydrophilic. B) composed of amino acids. C) hydrophobic. D) facing the cytosol. E) interlocked to provide membrane strength.
C) hydrophobic.
87) Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution. A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) hypotonic D) merotonic E) homotonic
C) hypotonic
51) The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to A) attach to neighboring cells. B) produce more cells. C) increase surface area for increased absorption. D) swim in extracellular fluid. E) trap bacteria.
C) increase surface area for increased absorption.
14) Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following except A) microfilaments. B) intermediate filaments. C) microsomes. D) microtubules. E) thick filaments.
C) microsomes
77) A DNA nucleotide is composed of A) three amino acids. B) a codon and an anticodon. C) one nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. D) four nitrogen bases. E) protein, lipid, and ribose sugar.
C) one nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
19) Tubulin is a A) carbohydrate that assembles into microtubules. B) lipid that assembles into microtubules. C) protein that assembles into microtubules. D) protein that forms the tubular portion of the cytosol. E) lipid that forms the ER.
C) protein that assembles into microtubules.
61) mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm. A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) phospholipids E) salts
C) proteins
24) Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the A) ribosomes. B) rough ER. C) smooth ER. D) Golgi apparatus. E) mitochondria.
C) smooth ER.
63) The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) mitosis. E) auscultation.
C) translation.
43) The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. What is the proper order for these steps? 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles. 2. Exocytosis 3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles. 4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face. 5. Vesicles arrive at the forming face. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins. A) 5, 6, 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 1, 4 C) 4, 3, 1, 6, 5, 2 D) 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2 E) 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5
D) 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2
100) Microfilaments are labeled A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 5. E) 6.
D) 5
48) Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled A) 4. B) 5. C) 6. D) 7. E) 8.
D) 7.
41) Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false? A) The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle. B) The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in ATP synthesis. C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae. D) The mitochondria require carbon dioxide and produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation. E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.
D) The mitochondria require carbon dioxide and produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation.
84) Which of the following best describes osmosis? A) active transport of water across the cell membrane B) diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration C) movement of water into a solute D) diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane E) random movement of water due to kinetic energy
D) diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
68) Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be A) edited to remove introns. B) edited to remove exons. C) transported into the cytoplasm. D) edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm. E) coated with phospholipids for transport out of the nucleus.
D) edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.
82) A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called A) merotonic. B) hypertonic. C) isotonic. D) hypotonic. E) homotonic.
D) hypotonic.
75) A gene is a set of specific instructions that A) produces amino acids for proteins. B) copies DNA strands for mitosis. C) controls the process of mitosis. D) indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule. E) directs carbohydrate synthesis.
D) indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
38) Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is incorrect? A) supports organelles B) controls cell shape C) provides cell strength D) made of cytobones E) moves organelles
D) made of cytobones
21) Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) thick filaments D) microtubules E) basal bodies
D) microtubules
22) Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the A) cytoplasm. B) endoplasmic reticulum. C) nucleus. D) mitochondria. E) cilia.
D) mitochondria.
55) Most of a cell's DNA is located in its A) ribosomes. B) lysosomes. C) Golgi apparatus. D) nucleus. E) nucleolus.
D) nucleus.
8) What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes? A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) the cytosol D) plasma membrane E) cytoskeleton
D) plasma membrane
62) As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon. This molecule is called A) DNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA. D) tRNA. E) RER.
D) tRNA.
3) Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except A) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid. B) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment. C) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid. D) thermal insulation. E) structural support.
D) thermal insulation.
31) Which of following properties of microtubules is correct? A) made of myosin B) made of actin C) found only in the terminal web D) another term for microfilaments E) interact with dynein and kinesin
E) interact with dynein and kinesin
78) What would the complimentary (matching) mRNA and tRNA molecules be from a DNA molecule that has the following triplets? coding strand: ATG-CAA template strand: TAC-GTT A) mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: TAC-GTT B) mRNA: ATG-CAA, tRNA: TAC-GTT C) mRNA: UAC-GUU, tRNA: AUG-CAA D) mRNA: TAC-GTT, tRNA: AUG-CAA E) mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: UAC-GUU
E) mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: UAC-GUU
23) In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to A) actin. B) microvilli. C) cytosol. D) basal body. E) matrix.
E) matrix.
52) The components of ribosomes are formed within A) the endoplasmic reticulum. B) Golgi complexes. C) lysosomes. D) mitochondria. E) nucleoli.
E) nucleoli.
29) Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins? A) ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum B) proteosomes reticulum C) raised endoplasmic reticulum D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
46) Chemical analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin filaments. This tissue probably contains A) nerve cells. B) reproductive cells. C) bone cells. D) muscle cells. E) liver cells.
D) muscle cells.
36) Peroxisomes A) contain enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide. B) absorb and break down fatty acids, generating hydrogen peroxide in the process. C) are produced from other peroxisomes. D) are more abundant in cells with higher metabolic rates. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
5) Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? A) bind to ligands B) regulate the passage of ions C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane E) storage of cellular nutrients
E) storage of cellular nutrients
83) If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in a 0.5% salt solution, which of the following would occur? 1. Water will move out of the RBC. 2. RBC will hemolyze. 3. RBC will crenate. 4. Water will enter the RBC. A) 1 and 3 only B) 2 and 3 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 3 and 4 only E) 2 and 4 only
E) 2 and 4 only
98) Which structure has a "gate" to control transport? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 7 E) 8
E) 8
10) Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions? A) anchoring B) receptors C) recognition D) enzymes E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
17) Microfilaments A) anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins. B) control the consistency of cytoplasm. C) with myosin, produce cell movement. D) consist of the protein called actin. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
30) Microtubules have which of the following functions? A) They form structural components of organelles. B) They move chromosomes during cell division. C) They provide a mechanism for changing the cell shape. D) Molecular motors move along them. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
32) The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for A) drug and toxin neutralization. B) lipid synthesis. C) modification of new proteins. D) shipping molecules to the Golgi apparatus. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
37) Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false? A) It receives transport vesicles from the RER. B) It sends transport vesicles to the RER. C) It produces lysosomes. D) It supplies new membrane components. E) It produces secretory vesicles.
E) All of the answers are correct.
7) The plasma membrane includes A) integral proteins. B) glycolipids. C) phospholipids. D) cholesterol. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
85) Osmotic pressure A) forces water to move toward the higher solute concentration. B) forces water to move across a semipermeable membrane. C) can be opposed by hydrostatic pressure. D) increases as solute concentration increases. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
26) Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the A) microtubules. B) mitochondria. C) rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) ribosomes. E) Golgi apparatus.
E) Golgi apparatus.
2) Which of the following terms is/are not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) cell wall B) cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) phospholipid bilayer E) both a cell wall and a phospholipid bilayer
E) both a cell wall and a phospholipid bilayer Answer: E
60) A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it A) can repair itself readily. B) is malformed. C) can only divide once more. D) will be a long-lived cell. E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
11) The organelles and the watery component of the cell together is called A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) interstitial fluid. E) cytoplasm.
E) cytoplasm.
93) A carbohydrate that cannot cross plasma membranes is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is A) saline solution. B) salt solution. C) glucose. D) isotonic saline. E) dextran.
E) dextran.
35) Molecular motors that carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules are called A) kinesin and myosin. B) actin and myosin. C) dynein and myosin. D) dynein and actin. E) dynein and kinesin.
E) dynein and kinesin.
40) If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to A) move. B) synthesize proteins. C) produce DNA. D) metabolize sugars. E) form the mitotic spindle.
E) form the mitotic spindle.
