Chapter 3: The Federal System

The supremacy clause establishes that state laws will prevail over conflicting federal laws. T/f

True

To address multistate policy concerns, states may adopt contracts among the affected states that are known as __________.

interstate compacts

​Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law.

supreme

​The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of a(n) __________.

unfunded mandate

What are reserved powers?

( powers that are not enumerated -specifically assigned ) Regulate Education, Grant licenses, Provide police/fire protection.

​In the late 1980s, what caused the Rehnquist Court to start to restrict Congress's ability to regulate various areas of the economy?

Changes in the composition of the Supreme Court

In the American federal system, there are __________ levels of government that share power.

3

The __________ Amendment says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people.

10th

The __________ specifies that any power not specifically delegated to the national government is reserved to the states or the people.

10th Amendment

Which amendment gave Congress the power to levy and collect taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states?

16

In __________, the Supreme Court said that Congress could create a national bank and that Maryland could not tax it.

1819

Which of the following best describes progressive federalism?

Allowing states to set emissions standards.

Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government?

Coin money

​__________ powers are shared by the federal and state governments.

Concurrent Powers: Setting up courts. Creating and collecting taxes. Building highways. Borrowing money. Making and enforcing laws. Chartering banks and corporations. Spending money for the betterment of the general welfare. Taking (condemning) private property with just compensation.

Before the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was organized as a(n) __________.

Confederation

The Supreme Court's Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision narrowed the scope of the federal government's power by determining that __________.

Congress lacked the authority to ban slavery in the territories

​In the 1980s and 1990s, the Republican Party led the __________ revolution, which demanded that the national government return administrative authority to state governments.

Devolution

Proponents of __________ federalism generally believe that the federal government should not overstep its enumerated powers.

Dual

In a unitary system of government, the state and local governments derive their powers from a centralized national government. T/f

True

All of the powers of the federal government are enumerated in the Constitution. T/f

False

Since 1990, the Supreme Court has consistently expanded the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. T/f

False

The Constitution gives states the power to coin money. T/f

False

The Rehnquist Court has been a strong and consistent advocate of an expansive interpretation of the commerce clause. T/f

False

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act deemphasized Congress's role in the federal government. T/f

False

The Tenth Amendment states that any power not specifically delegated to the states by the Constitution is reserved to the national government. T/f

False

The United States has always had a federal system of government. T/f

False

The power to regulate commerce within a state belongs to the __________ government(s).

Federal

​The United States was the __________ nation to adopt a federal system of government.

First

__________ powers are the functions and actions that Congress can perform in order to exercise its enumerated powers.

Implied

​What was the first major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments?

McCulloch v. Maryland 1819; First major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the nation and state governments; Congress chartered the 2nd Bank of U.S.; Maryland levied a tax requiring all banks not chartered by the 2nd bank of U.S. to (1) buy stamped paper from the state on which their bank notes were to be issues, (2) pay the

Which is an example of an unfunded mandate?

No child left behind

​__________ is the proclaimed right of a state to declare a federal law void.

Nullification

Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution?

Passing bills of attenders

Which of the following is a concurrent power?

Power to tax

​The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 attempts to prevent Congress from __________.

Prevented Congress from passing costly federal programs without debate on how to fund them and addressed a primary concern for state governments.

The __________ clause guarantees that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Privileges and immunities

​The concept of nullification was quashed by which of the following?

Reconstruction

​__________ policies are those whereby the government collects money from wealthier citizens to fund services for poorer citizens.

Redistributive

In the late 1980s, the __________ Court started to take a more restrictive view of Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce.

Rehnquist

The "Contract with America" was a proposed program of governmental reform supported by many __________.

Republicans

The privileges and immunities clause guarantees that each citizen of a state is guaranteed the same __________ as citizens of other states.

Rights

​Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

Section 1 of Article IV (4) (full faith & credit clause)

The Seventeenth Amendment gave the people the power to elect which of the following?

Senators

Which of the following did Dred Scott v. Sanford address?

Slavery

Dillon's Rule states that all local government must be authorized by which of the following?

State Government

Which of the following best exemplifies the devolution revolution?

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

States dislike unfunded mandates. T/f

True

Proponents of the "devolution revolution" argue that __________.

The authority of state governments should be expanded

Dual federalism is when the states and the national government have separate but approximately equal responsibilities. T/f

True

Devolution is often advocated for by Republicans. T/f

True

​In a(n) __________ system, local and regional governments derive authority from the national government.

Unitary System

Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?

a constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments

New Federalism most favors which type of government grant?

block grants

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court __________.

broadly interpreted the national government's power to regulate interstate commerce granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

​__________ grants typically allocate federal dollars for a specific purpose based on a state's population.

categorical

​In U.S. v. Lopez, the Supreme Court ruled that the __________ clause did not give Congress the constitutional authority to regulate guns near a school.

commerce

Prior to the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of __________.

confederation

The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism?

cooperative

What was the dominant model of federalism starting with the New Deal?

cooperative

​__________ federalism is defined as a flexible relationship between the national and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.

cooperative

Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government?

creating banks

What was the dominant form of federalism prior to the New Deal?

dual or layer cake

What two types of powers does Congress have under Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution?

enumerated; implied

Which of the following clauses requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial?

extradition

Same-sex marriage advocates argue that the __________ clause of the Constitution means that legally sanctioned same-sex marriages performed in one state should automatically be recognized by other states.

full faith and credit

Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant?

funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area

In which of the following policy areas did President Obama take the clearest lead?

healthcare

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states?

imposing the death penalty (powers not specifically delegated to the state governments by the Constitution)

The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of __________ federalism.

marble cake(cooperative)

Barron v. Baltimore held that __________ is/are bound by the Bill of Rights.

only the federal government

​Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from __________.

people

By sometimes taking a policy-making lead and sometimes allowing the states to lead, Barack Obama was demonstrating __________ federalism.

progressive

​In McCulloch v. Maryland, which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank?

supremacy