Chapter 30 ARTH

What was the most derided work at the Armory Show?

"Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2" by Marcel Duchamp.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A manifestation of the desire of African Americas to promote their cultural accomplishments.

What did Grant Wood announce?

A new movement developing in the Midwest known as Regionalism.

Who were the leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance?

Aaron Douglas and Jacob Lawrence.

What was the most important group of early-20th-century?

American Realist artist- sometimes known as Social Realists- was The Eight, a group of eight painters who gravitated into the circle of the influential and evangelical artist and teacher, Robert Henri.

Who was Tomas Hart Benton?

Another major Regionalist artist who turned to scenes from his native Missouri. He produced one of his major works, a series of murals titled "A Social History of the State of Missouri."

Who is Frida Kahlo?

Born to a Mexican mother and German Father. She used the details of her life as a powerful symbol for the psychological pain of human existence. her life became heroic and tumultuous battle for survival against illness.

Explain the Marxist painter.

Diego Rivera created a series of murals including "Ancient Mexico" and this detail of "History of Mexico"

Who did the RA hire?

Dorothea Lange and dispatched her to document the deplorable living conditions of the rural poor. At the end of the assignment photographing migratory pea pickers in California, Lange stopped at a camp in Nipomo and found workers there starving.

a manifestation of the desire of African Americans to promote their cultural accomplishments

Harlem Renaissance

How does Edward Hopper's Nighthawks give insight regarding American life in the 1940s?

He tried to evoke the persistent loneliness of modern humans in the United States, not of historically specific scenes.

Who was Jacob Lawrence?

He was very interested in the African art and the African American history he found in lectures and exhibitions.

What happened in the 1930's?

Much of the western world plunged into the Great Depression. The decade following the catastrophic stock market crash of October 1929 dramatically changed the nation and artists were among the millions of economic victims. the art market virtually disappeared. Many artists sought financial support from federal government. Among programs supporting artists were the Treasury Relief Art Project of 1934.

What is the Resettlement Administration?

One of the most important programs federal government initiated in the 1930's that oversaw emergency aid programs for farm families struggling to survive.

Where did the major innovative artistic movements of the 19th century come from?

Originated in Europe, and, with the development of larger and better passenger ships, it became increasingly common for aspiring American artists to cross the Atlantic?

Describe Marcel Duchamp "Nude Descending a Staircase No.2"

Owes a debt to Cubism and Futurism The press gave his painting a hostile reception, one critic described this work as "an explosion in a shingle factory," and newspaper cartoonists delighted in a lampooning the painting.

Referred to an open ground plan and long, ground-hugging lines.

Prairie House

What was a leading reason for lack of women artist until the 20th century?

Professional institutions restricted women's access to artistic training. Another explanation for the absence of women from the traditional art historical canon is that art historians have not considered as "high art" many of the art objects that women have traditionally produced.

20th century American art movement that portrayed American rural life in a clearly readable, realist style. Major regionalists include grant wood and Thomas hart Benton.

Regionalism

what did Edward Weston do?

Shared Stieglitz's goal of positioning photography as an art form with the same status as painting and sculpture

Describe Thomas Hart Benton " Pioneer Days and Early Settlers"

Shows a white man using whisky as a bartering tool with a Native American (left), along with scenes documenting the building of Missouri (right). Part Documentary and part invention, it includes both positive and negative aspects of Missouri's history.

Who was Edward Hopper?

Trained as a commercial artist, he studied painting and printmaking in New York and then in Paris. When he returned to the U.S., he concentrated on scenes of contemporary American city and country life. He did not paint historically specific scenes.

Describe Jacob Lawrence "the migration of the negro"

a 60-panel series of paintings that was intended to document the discrimination against African Americans.

Who was Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney?

a practicing sculpture and enthusiastic collector. She opened the Whitney Studio in 1914 and by 1929 she offered her entire collection of 500 works to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. However, when her offer was rejected, she founded her own museum in New York, the Whitney Museum of American Art.

Describe Grant Wood " American Gothic"

depicted a dentist and his sister posing as a farmer and his spinster daughter standing in front of a neat house with a small lancet window, a motif originating in Gothic architecture and associated with churches and religious piety.

How did Margaret Bourke gain fame?

for her images of Depression- era public works projects as well as serving as a US Air Force photographer during WWII

What did Alexander Calder create?

large-scale, kinetic sculptures based on principles of engineering. "Lobster Trap and Fish Tail commissioned by the museum of Modern Art.

Describe Frida Kahlo " The Two Fridas"

one of the few large canvases she ever produced. the twin figures sit side by side on a low bench in a barren landscape under a stormy sky. the figures suggest different sides of the artist's personality, linked by the clasped hands and by the thin artery stretching between them, joining their exposed hearts. Her deeply personal paintings touch sensual and psychological memories in her audience. Incorporates Kahlo's commentary on the struggle facing Mexicans in the early 20th century in defining their national cultural identity. Frida Kahlo is referring to her ancestry.

What happened after Lange's photograph was released?

people rushed food to Nipomo to feed the hungry workers.

What are Regionalists?

sometimes referred to as the American Scene Painters, turned their attention away from not only Europe and modernist abstract painting, but also from America's cities. Instead they found their subjects in American rural life.

How did Europe react to the Great Depression?

the United States became heaven for European painters, sculptors, and architects seeking to escape from Hitler and the Nazis.

What did Alfred Stieglitz believe in?

the importance of practicing "straight photography" rather than using techniques that add effects to a photo.

Describe Edward Hooper's "Nighthawks"

the intended message was the pervasive loneliness of modern humans.

Describe Dorothea Lange "Migrant Mother Nipomo Valley"

the mixture of strength and worry in the raised hand and careworn face of a young mother, who holds a baby on her lap. Two older children cling to their mother trustfully whole turning their faces away from the camera.

What happened when the Armory Show opened in New York City?

the relative isolation of American artist from development across the Atlantic came to an abrupt end in the early 1913.

What was the goal of leading painters in the U.S.?

to present a realistic, unvarnished look at American life. in this regard, their work parallels that of the French Realist in the mid- 19th century rather than that of the Post-Impressionists and Symbolists in the late 1800's.