Chapter 30- Bleeding

Your patient has a blood pressure of 80/60 mmHg. What is the mean arterial pressure?

66 mmHg

Which of the following statements regarding blood flow is correct?

Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that the heart pumps per contraction

Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:

Falling blood pressure

Which of the following organs can sustain the longest period of inadequate blood flow?

Gastrointestinal tract

After packing a severe groin injury with hemostatic gauze, you should:

Hold direct pressure for 3 minutes

If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should:

Keep the patient warm and administer oxygen

Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors?

Kidneys

If you discover minor external bleeding during your primary assessment of a patient, you should:

Make note of it and continue your assessment

In contrast to a patient with compensated shock, a patient with decompensated shock would be expected to present with:

Mottled skin and dilated pupils

The amount of blood returned to the heart is called:

Preload

Afterload is defined as:

Pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump.

Agents such as Celox, HemCon, and QuikClot are used to:

Promote hemostasis

Which of the following injuries or mechanisms would MOST likely lead to nonhemorrhagic shock?

Severe burns

Which of the following components is LEAST crucial to the continuous circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body?

Spleen

Which of the following two factors DIRECTLY affect cardiac output?

Stroke volume and pulse rate

Perfusion is defined as:

The circulation of blood through an organ or tissue in amounts adequate to meet the body's demands

The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

The period of time over which the blood is lost

The physiologic process of hemostasis is achieved through:

Vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

You have successfully controlled a large arterial hemorrhage from a 42-year-old man's leg with direct pressure and a pressure dressing. He is conscious, but restless. His blood pressure is 84/58 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

Administer high-flow oxygen, keep him warm, transport, and establish two large-bore IV lines en route

A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of:

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following factors would have the MOST negative effect on the body's process of hemostasis?

Anticoagulant use

Which of the following signs would you MOST likely observe in a patient with compensated shock?

Anxiety or agitation

You are treating a 20-year-old woman with a large laceration involving the brachial artery. The patient is confused, is pale, and has weak peripheral pulses. Your initial attempts to control bleeding have failed. You should:

Apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route

Hemoglobin functions by:

Binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues

Which of the following types of medication would MOST likely reduce a patient's ability to compensate when in shock?

Calcium channel blockers