Chapter 30

You are unable to locate the pulse distal to a fracture. This may indicate damage to​ a(n): A. tendon. B. artery. C. vein. D. nerve.

artery

Realigning a bone in a fractured extremity may be necessary. Which statement about realignment is​ INCORRECT? A. If an angulated extremity is not​ realigned, a closed injury may become an open injury. B. Realign the bone if the extremity is so deformed you cannot put it in a splint. C. Realignment is not​ painful, but the injury site may be painful after realignment. D. Realign the bone in an attempt to restore circulation to the extremity.

Realignment is not​ painful, but the injury site may be painful after realignment.

You have a patient with a closed fracture of the femur. During​ assessment, you note that the femoral area is very​ distended, with taut skin overlying the injury. The patient states that she has no feeling distal to the injury​ site, and the distal pulse is absent. In addition to the fractured​ femur, what other type of condition may​ exist? A. Neural delamination B. Compartment syndrome C. Fascia hypertonicity D. Interstitial hypertension

Compartment syndrome

A patient with diagnosed osteoporosis is more likely to sustain which type of bone​ injury? A. Fracture B. Joint sprain C. Nontraumatic dislocation D. Strain

Fracture

A​ 42-year-old female patient complains of numbness in her left leg after falling. Which of the six Ps of musculoskeletal injury is she​ describing? A. Pallor B. Paralysis C. Paresthesia D. Pressure

Paresthesia

A patient has an injury to the elbow and forearm. While you are conducting the​ reassessment, which statement made by the patient should concern you​ most? A. ​"My hand feels like it is going to​ sleep." B. ​"It hurts when I move my​ fingers." C. ​"I am still having a hard time moving my​ arm." D. ​"My arm seems to be bruising​ more."

"My hand feels like it is going to​ sleep."

A patient who sustains a femur fracture can lose​ approximately: A. 1 to 1.5 L of blood. B. 4 L of blood. C. 200 mL of blood. D. 800 mL of blood.

1 to 1.5 L of blood.

How much blood loss can result from a femur​ fracture? A. ​1,500 mL B. 250 mL C. 500 mL D. ​1,000 mL

1500Ml

The skeletal system supports the body. Which statement about the skeletal system is​ TRUE? A. The flat bones of the body are what reflect over each other to allow joint movement. B. A major element in motion is the​ body's joints, where the bones meet. C. The skeletal system consists of six basic​ components: skull,​ clavicles, ribs,​ hips, and lower and upper extremities. D. The skeletal system is rigid and easily stressed without the protection of the muscles.

A major element in motion is the​ body's joints, where the bones meet.

When using an air​ splint, the EMT must remember that air​ splints: A. Do not fully immobilize a possible fracture B. Are contraindicated for joint injuries C. Can decrease circulation in the extremity D. Should never be applied circumferentially

Can decrease circulation in the extremity

A patient fell and sustained an open fracture to the left humerus.​ However, assessment reveals the bone to have pulled back into the arm. Bleeding from the site is controlled. How will splinting the left arm benefit this​ patient? A. Convert the open fracture to a closed fracture and maintain it as such B. Start the process of healing by aligning and connecting the bone ends C. Decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels D. Eliminate the possibility of infection through the open wound

Decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels

Which assessment finding would contraindicate the use of the traction​ splint? A. Open fracture B. Decreased pedal pulse C. Deformity to the hip D. Numbness to the foot

Deformity to the hip

The secondary assessment of a patient who complains of right leg pain after falling down several stairs reveals a break in the skin where a fractured tibia bone broke through and then recessed back into the leg. The EMT should recognize this as which type of​ injury? A. Closed fracture B. Open fracture C. Laceration D. Partial fracture

Open fracture

Which condition will MOST likely have a nontraumatic bone fracture associated with​ it? A. Gangrene B. Osteoporosis C. Tenosynovitis D. Fibromyalgia

Osteoporosis

A fracture of which of the following can easily lead to​ death? A. Humerus B. Pelvis C. Ulna D. Tibia

PELVIS

Which of the following is one of the six Ps of a musculoskeletal​ injury? A. Penetration B. Physiology C. Priority D. Pallor

Pallor

A football player injured his knee during practice and is in pain. His left knee is​ swollen, ecchymotic, and flexed in an upward position. Your partner reports that the distal skin is​ warm, and he has located a weak pedal pulse. Which action should you perform​ immediately? A. Realign and straighten the injured​ knee, and then immobilize it by binding it to the other leg B. Apply a traction splint and straighten the knee until the​ patient's pain is decreased C. Splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital D. Place the patient on a long spine board and apply the traction splint en route to the hospital

Splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital

Your patient states that while he was​ jogging, he stepped on the​ "side" of his ankle in a pothole. The ankle is swollen and​ deformed, but he has good​ pulses, motor​ function, and sensation. What is MOST likely the injury that this patient has​ sustained? A. Dislocation B. Sprain C. Open fracture D. Strain

Sprain

A female patient with osteoporosis stepped sideways on her foot and has suffered an open tibial fracture to the distal portion of her right leg. Which intervention indicates that appropriate care is being given for this​ injury? A. The EMT cleans dirt from within the wound and off the bone prior to splinting B. The bone end and soft tissue wounds are covered with a sterile dressing C. The protruding bone is gently replaced back under the skin D. A pressure dressing is tightly applied to the open wound prior to splinting

The bone end and soft tissue wounds are covered with a sterile dressing

You arrive on the scene to help another crew with the extrication from an attic of a female who fell while retrieving holiday decorations. As a result of the​ fall, the patient has an open fracture to her left lower leg. The patient has been fully immobilized to a long board and has a rigid splint in place to her left leg. What would indicate the extremity has been improperly​ splinted? A. The splint has immobilized the​ ankle, knee, and hip regions B. The patient is able to flex her left ankle when directed to do so C. The skin of the foot is red and swollen with a weak pedal pulse noted D. Ice packs wrapped in towels have been applied to the skin between the splints

The patient is able to flex her left ankle when directed to do so

What is MOST likely to occur if a splint is applied​ improperly? A. The pulse distal to the splint may become weak or absent. B. The patient will be in excruciating pain. C. The extremity will require amputation. D. The extremity can develop gangrene.

The pulse distal to the splint may become weak or absent.

Aside from the pain it​ causes, when is a dislocation of MOST​ concern? A. When it involves tear of blood vessels B. When a bone has come through the skin C. When it involves the elbow D. When it involves the shoulder

When it involves tear of blood vessels

You are treating an elderly patient with osteoporosis. You note on examination that his left thigh has a significant hematoma and swelling. The patient has not been ambulating much today because of pain in his lower leg. From your​ assessment, it is likely that the patient​ has: A. septic muscle syndrome. B. a femur fracture. C. a severe infection in his left leg. D. septicemia caused by osteochondritis.

a femur fracture

If a commercial pelvic splint is not​ available, the NEXT BEST alternative is to​ use: A. backboard straps and a long wooden splint. B. cot straps and a backboard. C. a sling and swathe. D. a sheet using the improvised pelvic wrap.

a sheet using the improvised pelvic wrap

The main type of pressure splint is the air splint. Which statement is TRUE about pressure​ splints? A. Application of the air splint does not require medical direction. B. The air splint is an adequate replacement for the traction splint. C. Air splints may impair circulation and interfere with the assessment of pulses. D. Air splints are​ soft, pliable splints that conform to the extremity when the air is sucked out.

air splints may impair circulation and interfere with the assessment of pulses

Your patient has a nontraumatic fracture of the left wrist. Appropriate treatment would be​ to: A. apply a splint and have the patient follow up with her primary care physician in the morning. B. apply a splint and have a family member drive the patient to the emergency department. C. apply a splint and transport. D. place the arm in the position of comfort and transport

apply a splint and transport

You are treating a​ 22-year-old male patient who slipped while running down the stairs in a factory and has injured his right tibia and fibula. The bones are through the​ skin, and his lower leg is severely deformed. There is no distal pulse or motor function. He denies any other injuries. What should you​ do? A. Apply ice to the bone ends and move the patient on a long spine board. B. Call for ALS before any movement. C. Splint the extremity in the position in which it was found and transport right away. D. Apply slight traction to realign the​ extremity, splint the​ leg, and then reassess for a distal pulse.

apply slight traction to realign the extremity, splint the leg, and then reassess for a distal pulse

You notice pallor skin distal to a possible fracture. This finding most likely​ indicates: A. arterial compression. B. venous disruption. C. infection. D. severe hemorrhage.

arterial compression

A​ 45-year-old female patient is complaining of right knee pain after falling from a standing position. The patient denies other complaints. You observe deformity in the area of the left knee. You​ should: A. assess the skin color and temperature. B. apply a traction splint. C. prepare for rapid transport. D. return the knee to the neutral position.

assess the skin color and temperature

Your patient has a severe angulated femur fracture. On your initial assessment of the injury​ site, you note that the patient has diminished sensation distally and weak pulses. The patient is in extreme pain and screaming loudly. You apply manual traction to the leg and straighten the injured leg out as much as you can. The patient notes some relief with this maneuver. Just before placing the hare traction​ splint, your partner notes that the patient has no feeling in her toes and the dorsalis pulse has disappeared. Your NEXT action should be​ to: A. rotate the leg​ laterally, as the fractured bone may be pinching the femoral artery off. B. attempt to reposition the leg manually by adding additional​ traction, thus attempting to pull the fractured bone heads apart and placing the leg in its natural position. C. rotate the leg​ medially, attempting to take pressure off the femoral artery. D. finish applying the traction​ splint, as that will free your hands up.

attempt to reposition the leg manually by adding additional​ traction, thus attempting to pull the fractured bone heads apart and placing the leg in its natural position.

If your primary assessment reveals an unstable​ patient, splinting of individual extremity​ injuries: A. is done during the assessment of circulation during the primary assessment. B. becomes a low priority. C. must be done to each individual injury site before transport. D. with a traction splint is done to all injured extremities as soon as possible.

becomes a low priority.

An improperly splinted pelvic fracture​ can: A. bleed heavily from the bone itself. B. place up to 4 L of blood into the abdominal space. C. bleed heavily only if a blood vessel is ruptured. D. be stabilized with a traction splint.

bleed heavily from the bone itself

A​ 32-year-old male patient complains of pressure in his thigh after being struck by a vehicle. This pressure most likely​ indicates: A. infection. B. blood loss. C. an open fracture. D. a blocked vein.

blood loss

As you care for a patient with a possible lower leg​ injury, you should assess the distal​ pulse, motor​ function, and sensation at​ least: A. after the application of a splint to the leg. B. both before and after applying a splint to the leg. C. every 5 minutes until arrival at the hospital. D. before applying a splint to the leg.

both before and after applying a splint to the leg

The use of a traction splint in the presence of a pelvic​ fracture: A. is an ALS function. B. is appropriate if a pelvic binder is applied first. C. can cause internal hemorrhage. D. requires application of a PASG.

can cause internhemorrhage

The main reason an EMT splints a bone or joint injury is to​ prevent: A. immobilization. B. movement. C. splintering. D. crepitation.

movement

When assessing your trauma​ patient, you note that he is complaining of​ pain, paresthesia, and pressure in his lower right leg. Upon your​ examination, you note that his lower right leg is pale and does NOT have a pulse. These findings are indicative​ of: A. arterial rupture and shock. B. deep vein thrombosis. C. severe internal hemorrhaging. D. compartment syndrome.

compartment syndrome

When pressure in the space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure needed to perfuse the​ cells, the result​ is: A. direct trauma. B. tissue perfusion. C. venous bleeding. D. compartment syndrome.

compartment syndrome

You have a patient with a closed fracture of the femur. During​ assessment, you note that the femoral area is very​ distended, with taut skin overlying the injury. In addition to the fractured​ femur, what other condition may be​ developing? A. Compartment syndrome B. Fascia hypertonicity C. Interstitial hypertension D. Neural delamination

compartment syndrome

You have been called for a male worker complaining of arm pain. At the​ scene, the​ 31-year-old patient states that his arm was crushed between two heavy boxes that shifted while being stacked by a forklift. He had minimal pain at that​ time, but now his right forearm is swollen and​ painful, especially with movement. The patient also states that the arm and fingers feel as if they are​ "asleep." You note decreased strength to the arm and a radial pulse that is weak when compared to the left arm. There is no deformity to the arm and the skin is​ intact, although hard on palpation. Vital signs are pulse 88​ beats/min, respiration 18​ breaths/min, and blood pressure​ 134/76 mmHg. Given these assessment​ findings, the EMT should be suspicious​ of: A. Subclinical fracture B. Hemorrhagic shock C. Ischemic stroke D. Compartment syndrome

compartment syndrome

You have applied a rigid splint to a​ patient's forearm, applied ice​ packs, and elevated the arm. The patient soon begins complaining of severe pain and loss of distal movement. You reassess and note that the previously present radial pulse has disappeared. After loosening the​ splint, you notice additional swelling and return of the pulse. After you rewrap the​ splint, the pulse remains but so does the severe pain. This is an indicator​ of: A. improper application. B. compartment syndrome. C. hypothermic reaction. D. continued swelling.

compartment syndrome.

General rules of splinting​ include: A. realigning a deformed hip or shoulder back to its anatomical position. B. leaving clothing in place over the injury site to help pad it against the splint. C. always applying splints before transporting if the patient shows signs of shock. D. covering all​ wounds, including open​ fractures, with sterile dressings before applying a splint.

covering all​ wounds, including open​ fractures, with sterile dressings before applying a splint.

The sound or feeling of a broken bone end rubbing on another broken bone end is​ called: A. traction. B. sequelae. C. crepitus. D. fixation.

crepitus

Improperly splinting an extremity may result​ in: A. decompressed nerves. B. damage to tissue and nerves. C. decreased nerve damage. D. increased distal circulation.

damage to tissues and nerves

An unconscious​ 24-year-old man suffered multisystem trauma during a motorcycle crash. He has an open fracture to his right femur. Splinting this injury at the scene​ may: A. improve the overall patient outcome. B. increase the risk of infection. C. decompress the nerves and tissue. D. delay transport.

delay transport

Ascertaining the forces to which the bone fracture​ patient's body was subjected and the direction in which those forces propelled the body is part​ of: A. the secondary assessment. B. the primary assessment. C. rapid extrication. D. determining the mechanism of injury.

determining the mechanism of injury.

Colliding with the internal components of a car during a motor vehicle collision may result in a fracture caused​ by: A. twisting force. B. direct force. C. tearing force. D. indirect force.

direct force

An injury that occurs at the force of impact is caused​ by: A. dissipated force. B. twisting force. C. direct force. D. indirect force.

direct force.

What type of orthopedic injury may have occurred when a joint is injured in such a way that it becomes fixed in an abnormal​ position, is resistive to​ motion, is extremely​ painful, and will likely have noticeable​ deformity? A. Dislocation B. Comminuted injury C. Impacted fracture D. Transverse fracture

dislocation

When a bone is forced well beyond its normal position in a​ joint, this injury is called​ a: A. subluxation. B. strain. C. dislocation. D. sprain.

dislocation

During your ongoing assessment of a patient with a bone or joint injury while en route to the​ hospital, be sure​ to: A. recheck the​ patient's vital signs every 20 minutes if the patient is stable. B. palpate the injury site several times to assess if the site is still painful. C. elevate the extremity if spinal injury is not suspected. D. remove and reapply any splints if the​ patient's distal​ pulses, motor​ function, or sensation have deteriorated.

elevate the extremity if spinal injury is not suspected

Common locations where dislocations may occur include each of the locations EXCEPT​ the: A. elbow. B. femur. C. acromioclavicular joint. D. knee.

femur

Fractures to which areas are considered critical injuries because of the associated risk of serious​ bleeding? A. Humerus and tibia B. Hip and face C. Vertebrae and collarbone D. Femur and pelvis

femur and pelvis

You are treating an elderly patient who has a history of cancer and osteoporosis. She was complaining to her family about her​ wrist, and EMS was called to check her out. You note some swelling in her left​ wrist, and it hurts on palpation. She wants to refuse EMS​ transport, but you know​ that: A. her wrist is sprained and just needs ice and​ rest, so a refusal is acceptable. B. a refusal is acceptable as long as she watches the swelling over the next few days and seeks medical treatment if it does not reduce. C. her wrist is most likely broken because of her history of cancer and​ osteoporosis, so treatment and transport are warranted. D. a refusal is​ acceptable, as long as she promises to follow up with her own doctor in the morning.

her wrist is most likely broken because of her history of cancer and osteoporosis, so treatment and transport are warranted

Signs and symptoms of a nontraumatic fracture​ include: A. painless fractures. B. a history of cancer. C. frequent dislocations. D. contusions and abrasions at the fracture site.

history of cancer

A splint is used​ to: A. reaffix a dislocated joint. B. increase range of motion. C. permanently stabilize the injury. D. immobilize a joint.

immobilize a joint

The basic goal of splinting a fracture is​ to: A. strengthen the injured joint. B. have the patient test range of motion. C. immobilize the bone ends and two adjacent joints. D. allow for the application of hot packs.

immobilize the bone ends and two adjacent joints.

Guidelines for splinting long bone injuries​ include: A. using the point of your badge pin on the bottom of the​ patient's foot to check sensation. B. immobilizing the hand or foot in the position of function. C. having the patient bend the leg at the knee to check motor function. D. assessing the radial pulse for a​ lower-extremity injury.

immobilizing the hand or foot in the position of function

A​ 42-year-old male patient reports that he was working on a ladder and fell 10​ feet, landing on his feet. He complains of right ankle pain and right hip pain. The hip pain is most likely caused​ by: A. wrenching force. B. indirect force. C. twisting force. D. direct force.

indirect force

An elderly man trips on his carpet and falls to his hands and​ knees, fracturing the patella on his left leg and the neck of the humerus on his left arm. The fracture of his humerus would be​ a/n: A. direct force fracture. B. indirect force fracture. C. impacted fracture. D. twisting force fracture.

indirect force fracture.

An injury that occurs away from the force of impact is caused​ by: A. direct force. B. indirect force. C. twisting force. D. dissipated force.

indirect force.

The greatest risk associated with improper splinting of a pelvic fracture​ is: A. internal hemorrhage. B. loss of bone alignment during patient handling. C. diminished distal pulses. D. increased pain.

internal hemorrhage

Your​ patient's foot may be improperly splinted and subject to further damage​ unless: A. the toes are curled downward. B. it cannot be moved once the splint has been applied. C. it is at a​ 90-degree angle to the leg. D. it is pushed up toward the leg.

it is at a 90 degree angle to the leg

When performing a physical examination on a patient with a musculoskeletal​ injury, remember​ that: A. it is necessary to assess the joints above and below any bone​ injury, and you should assess the bones above and below any joint injury only if those areas have obvious trauma. B. capillary refill is important to​ check, especially in adult patients. C. it is important to obtain a SAMPLE history during or after your physical examination. D. pulselessness and cyanosis in the injured extremity are common and should not alter your assessment and transport priorities.

it is important to obtain a SAMPLE history during or after your physical examination

Why is compartment syndrome rarely seen in the​ field? A. It usually develops over time. B. The patient rarely complains of an increase in pain. C. It is usually masked by other symptoms. D. EMTs are not responsible for recognizing it in the field.

it usually develops over time

What is the eventual outcome of undiagnosed compartment​ syndrome? A. Internal hemorrhage B. Loss of tissue C. Fasciotomy D. Chronic nerve pain

loss of tissue

The various types of musculoskeletal​ injuries: A. are often associated with​ disease, such as bone​ degeneration, especially in young patients. B. present with very different signs and symptoms. C. may cause injuries to body areas that are distant from the injury site. D. are more serious if there is external bleeding.

may cause injuries to body areas that are distant from the injury site.

Which statement about the voluntary muscles in the body is​ TRUE? A. Voluntary muscles are found in the walls of organs and help to move food through the digestive system. B. Ligaments connect the voluntary muscles to the skeletal system. C. Muscles that are subjected to trauma can be​ bruised, crushed,​ cut, or torn even if the skin is not broken. D. What enables muscle tissue to work is its ability to stretch to become longer and thinner.

muscles that are subjected to traum acan be bruised, crushed, cut, or torn even if the skin is not broken

Muscle and bone are the two main components of​ the: A. musculoskeletal system. B. lymphatic system. C. cardiovascular system. D. neurovascular system.

musculoskeletal system.

Paresthesia distal to a fracture is an indicator​ of: A. a long bone fracture. B. neurological involvement. C. a dislocation. D. acute vascular insufficiency.

neurological involvement.

Patients with a past medical history of​ cancer, osteoporosis, and other benign bone conditions such as congenital cysts are at risk​ for: A. frequent dislocations. B. frequent falls. C. debilitating tendonitis. D. nontraumatic fractures.

nontraumatic fractures

An unconscious​ 32-year-old woman has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. You observe open fractures to both of her wrists with minor bleeding. You should​ first: A. splint both wrists. B. control the bleeding. C. open her airway. D. check for circulation distal to the fractures.

open her airway

A numbness or tingling sensation is​ called: A. paralysis. B. paresthesia. C. anesthesia. D. pruritus.

paresthesia

The tingling feeling that is one of the symptoms of a long bone injury is​ called: A. paresthesia. B. neuropathy. C. osteoplegia. D. parietal pain.

paresthesia

Because a nontraumatic fracture is typically caused by a degenerative​ disease, it is also known as​ a: A. osteoporotic fracture. B. traumatic fracture. C. pathological fracture. D. hyperporotic fracture.

pathological fracture.

Significant bleeding is most likely associated with a fracture of​ the: A. tibia. B. pelvis. C. clavicle. D. humerus.

pelvis

A​ 65-year-old male patient fell from the roof of his house. He is unconscious. You notice that he has an open fracture to his lower right leg and a deformity to his left upper arm. There is capillary bleeding associated with the leg fracture. You should​ first: A. prepare for rapid transport. B. splint the upper left arm. C. splint the lower left leg. D. control the bleeding.

prepare for rapid transport

The basic reasons for splinting a bone or joint injury​ include: A. preventing​ swelling, which might complicate the emergency department​ physician's examination. B. setting the bone ends back into their proper position. C. preventing movement to reduce the chance for further injury. D. replacing exposed bone ends back into the extremity.

preventing movement to reduce the chance for further injury

The functions of the musculoskeletal system​ include: A. protecting the body from bacteria and other foreign organisms. B. temperature regulation. C. providing for movement. D. the production of hormones.

providing for movement

Traction splinting a fractured femur will realign the bone​ and: A. allow the patient to be transported without pain. B. prevent the need for surgery. C. reduce blood loss into the thigh. D. prevent marrow damage at the fracture location.

reduce blood loss into the thigh

Which of the following is accurate regarding pelvic​ fractures? A. There is minimal space in the pelvic cavity to collect blood. B. Severe bleeding often occurs from the actual bone. C. Shock seldom occurs secondary to a pelvic fracture. D. Minimal force is required to fracture the pelvis.

severe bleeding often occurs from the actual bone

The muscles that are under the control of a​ person's will and make possible all deliberate acts are​ the: A. long muscles. B. skeletal muscles. C. controlled muscles. D. smooth muscles.

skeletal muscles

Failure to properly pad between an extremity and splinting material may lead​ to: A. improved stability. B. uncontrolled hemorrhage. C. increased bone damage. D. skin damage.

skin damage

What should be applied to provide stability for an upper humerus​ injury? A. Traction splint B. Sling and swathe C. Straight arm splint D. Pressure bandage

sling and swathe

An injury that can occur due to fatigue from overuse or extreme muscle stress is called​ a: A. dislocation. B. strain. C. sprain. D. fracture.

strain

An​ 18-year-old male patient complains of left lower leg pain after falling from a skateboard. As you approach the​ patient, you notice that the leg is cyanotic distal to an obvious deformity. You should​ first: A. take appropriate standard precautions. B. return the leg to its natural position. C. apply a traction splint. D. splint the leg in the position found.

take appropriate standard precautions

A​ 53-year-old man complains of an injury to his right lower leg. You notice an obvious deformity. Below the deformity you observe​ warm, flushed skin. This finding may​ indicate: A. tendon disruption. B. arterial damage. C. nerve damage. D. that a vein is blocked.

that a vein is blocked

In what way does the overall care of a patient with a nontraumatic fracture differ from care of a patient with a traumatic​ fracture? A. Reassessment is not required. B. The EMT may need to treat an underlying medical condition. C. Hypotension is never an issue. D. The patient typically refuses transport.

the EMT may need to treat and underlying medical condition

All of the items are complications of bone and joint​ injuries, EXCEPT: A. damage to muscles caused by movement of bone fragments or ends. B. the restriction of blood flow by bone ends compressing blood vessels. C. the conversion of an open fracture to a closed fracture. D. increased pain associated with movement of bone ends.

the conversion of an open fracture to a closed fracture

The mechanisms of​ injury, or forces that may cause bone and joint​ injury, include indirect​ force, which​ is: A. the injury from a blow occurring at the point of impact. B. one part of an extremity remaining stationary while the rest rotates. C. the patient being thrown or falling by air pressure​ from, for​ example, an explosion. D. the force striking one end of a​ limb, causing injury some distance away from the point of impact.

the force striking one end of a limb, causing injury some distance away from the point of impact

In​ general, you should NOT use a traction splint​ if: A. the pelvis has been injured. B. you note shortening​ and/or rotation of the injured leg. C. there is a good distal​ pulse, motor​ function, and sensation. D. you suspect a femur fracture.

the pelvis has been injured.

Signs and symptoms of a bone or joint injury may include​ pain, tenderness, and​ crepitus, which​ is: A. swelling at the injury site. B. the sound or feeling of broken bone fragments grinding against each other. C. deformity or angulation of the injured extremity. D. the discoloration of the skin​ at, and​ around, the injury site.

the sound or feeling of broken bone fragments grinding against each other.

Your patient has sustained a nontraumatic fracture of the left ankle. Aside from the normal fracture​ treatment, you need to ensure​ that: A. an ice pack is not applied because this is a nontraumatic fracture. B. reassessments are not done as often because the fracture was​ non-trauma-related and there will be little swelling. C. the extremity is not elevated during transport. D. the underlying medical condition is not causing any life threats.

the underlying medical condition is not causing any life threats

How does treatment of nontraumatic fractures differ from treatment of traumatic​ fractures? A. Distal pulses are not affected by nontraumatic fractures. B. Transport to the emergency department is not necessary with nontraumatic fractures. C. Splinting is not required in nontraumatic fractures. D. There is no difference in treatment.

there is no difference in treatment

Which statement MOST accurately depicts the difference between a nontraumatic fracture and a pathological​ fracture? A. Pathological fractures are the result of trauma. B. Nontraumatic fractures require only a minimal amount of force. C. Pathological fractures heal more slowly and may require surgery. D. They are the same.

they are the same

You are treating a​ 17-year-old female patient who fell while playing basketball. Her right thigh is​ painful, swollen, and​ deformed, and she is in considerable pain. The MOST appropriate device for splinting her injury would be​ a: A. inflatable splint. B. PASG. C. traction splint. D. pair of long board splints.

traction splint

A patient who suffers a fractured tibia after jamming that foot in a hole while running across a field has suffered an injury caused​ by: A. twisting force. B. indirect force. C. direct force. D. tearing force.

twisting force

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the​ forearm? A. Contraction B. Integumentary C. Involuntary D. Voluntary

voluntary

The body contains three kinds of​ muscles, each with a specific function. These muscles​ are: A. ​controlled, autonomic, and contracting muscles. B. ​flat, striated, and walled muscles. C. ​voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac muscles. D. ​long, flat, and specialized muscles.

voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac

Which statement about traction splints is​ true? A. ​"Once the mechanical traction has been​ applied, the ischial strap must be released to promote circulation into the affected​ leg." B. ​"Once the traction splint has been positioned under the​ leg, and the ankle hitch is​ applied, manual traction can be​ released." C. ​"Mechanical traction should be applied until the mechanical traction is equal to the manual traction and the patient experiences a reduction in​ pain." D. ​"Mechanical traction should be applied until the affected leg is approximately 2 to 4 inches longer than the unaffected​ leg."

​"Mechanical traction should be applied until the mechanical traction is equal to the manual traction and the patient experiences a reduction in​ pain."