Chapter 31 and 32 Multiple Choice
A "technocrat" was Select one: a. a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics. b. an opponent of the replacement of men by machines. c. a new political partisan of the Christian Democratic Party. d. a person who promoted government by the magnates of industry. e. nickname for new members of the upper class who became wealthy due to "high tech" investments.
a
A Jewish homeland to be called Israel was established in 1948 Select one: a. in Palestine. b. in Egypt. c. in Syria. d. in Saudi Arabia. e. in Algeria
a
By what decade had the European colonization of most of black Africa come to an end? Select one: a. 1960s b. 1940s c. 1950s d. 1980s e. 1970s
a
Hitler's last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known as Select one: a. the Battle of the Bulge. b. the Battle of Britain. c. the Battle of Munich. d. the Battle of the Ardennes. e. the Battle of Paris.
a
In 1940, the Dutch port of ________ was virtually leveled by the Germans, killing over 40,000 civilians. Select one: a. Rotterdam b. Brisbane c. Batavia d. Flanders e. Helsinki
a
In what nation were white settlers able to retain their position of supremacy? Select one: a. South Africa b. Kenya c. Southern Rhodesia d. Nigeria e. Algeria
a
The creation of the welfare state Select one: a. resulted from the leftward shift of the political spectrum in Europe following World War II. b. was accomplished only in the United States. c. was necessitated by the recurrence of the depression following World War II. d. was carried out as part of the program of conservatism in European governments following World War II. e. was a worldwide movement found in the industrialized West as well as in colonial areas such as Africa.
a
This American general ordered mass aerial bombing of highly vulnerable Japanese cities. Select one: a. Le May b. Eisenhower c. McArthur d. Patton e. Montgomery
a
This country chose a path of neutrality and cooperation with Japan in the Pacific theater of WWII. Select one: a. Thailand b. Australia c. India d. Indonesia e. The Philippines
a
This institution was created as a result of WWII: Select one: a. The United Nations b. The League of Nations c. The World Bank d. Interpol e. The International Monetary Fund
a
What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the diminished powers of European nations in world affairs? Select one: a. Britain and France attempted forcibly to halt Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal. b. France was driven from Libya. c. Portugal attempted to reassert its control over Goa. d. The Netherlands sought to establish colonial rule in South Africa. e. A revolt broke out in communist Poland but was put down by the Soviets.
a
What work by Simone de Beauvoir signified the beginning of the new feminism in 1949? Select one: a. The Second Sex b. Sexual Politics c. The Feminine Mystique d. Patriarchal Society e. Mine, Yours, and Ours
a
Where was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II? Select one: a. Germany b. France c. Hungary d. Czechoslovakia e. Britain
a
Which of the following countries was not a member of the "eastern bloc"? Select one: a. Turkey b. Bulgaria c. Poland d. Hungary e. Romania
a
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the fall of France to the Germans? Select one: a. The refusal of English troops to fight with the French b. The German use of "blitzkrieg" c. A thoroughly demoralized French population d. Delays over rearming the French forces e. Divided and weak leadership
a
Which of the following statements concerning Zionism following World War II is most accurate? Select one: a. Zionists turned to violent attempts to eject the British from Palestine in response to the British attempts to limit immigration to the Middle East. b. The Zionists reached out to the Soviet Union and other communist nations for support. c. The Zionist movement turned to peaceful demonstrations and boycotts on the model of the Indian nationalist movement and refused to participate in violence. d. The Zionist movement, frustrated by the failure to achieve an independent nation, weakened after World War II. e. The Zionist movement was eliminated after World War II by the combined action of the Palestinian Arabs and the British.
a
Which of the following statements concerning the development of new governments in Europe after World War II is most accurate? Select one: a. New constitutions established in western Europe uniformly established effective parliaments with universal (including female) suffrage. b. A strong pan-Europe movement developed which led to the creation of a super-European state. c. Except for Germany and Italy, political stability was restored through the institution of more authoritarian governments. d. Constitutions formed after World War II were noteworthy primarily for the lack of durability. e. As late as the 1980s several nations clung to semi-fascist, authoritarian regimes ruled by strongmen.
a
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the situation of European peasantry in the social structure of late 20th-century Europe? Select one: a. The European peasantry decreased in size and became increasingly commercialized. b. The European peasantry disappeared following World War II. c. The European peasantry began to join the military in large numbers as a way of improving their economic status. d. Alone among European social classes, the peasantry remained independent of the state bureaucracies. e. The European peasantry continued to remain exclusively rural and rejected 20th-century urban culture.
a
Which of the following was consistent with the political viewpoint of France's Christian Democrats? Select one: a. Democratic institutions and moderate social reform b. Nationalization of all industries c. Abolition of trade unions d. Restoring monarchies e. Totalitarian government
a
Failure of the British to deal with the leader of the largest nationalist party, Jomo Kenyatta, led to a violent and prolonged revolution in Select one: a. South Africa. b. Kenya. c. Egypt. d. Nigeria. e. Ghana.
b
In what type of African colonies was the process of decolonization most violent? Select one: a. White Dominions b. Those with large numbers of white settlers c. "True" colonies d. Those that were least industrialized e. Tropical dependencies
b
In what way did the social organization of the industrialized Soviet Union come to resemble that of the West? Select one: a. Lack of a peasantry b. The division of urban society between workers and a managerial middle class c. The use of the free market as an economic mechanism d. The absence of a true proletariat e. Emphasis on service industries and managerial hierarchies
b
Japan gained influence in China by seizing the concessionary areas of what European power during World War I? Select one: a. The United States b. Germany c. Britain d. France e. Russia
b
Nikita Khrushchev fell from power because (A) he failed to win more countries for communism. (B) he failed to satisfy Stalinists, and over a new Soviet venture in Siberia. (C) his missile policy in Cuba earned U.S. hostility. (D) his repressive measures angered Russians desiring reform. (E) the launching of Sputnik angered Soviet isolationists.
b
Of all the nationalist parties in India, the British were most closely allied with Select one: a. Congress. b. the Muslim League. c. the PNP. d. the Communists. e. the Quit India movement.
b
President Roosevelt met with the other major Allies in 1945 at Select one: a. Sarajevo. b. Yalta. c. Teheran. d. Potsdam. e. Paris.
b
This city became the capital of the Chinese Nationalists for much of WWII. Select one: a. Hong Kong b. Chongqing c. Nanjing d. Cuomintang e. Taipei
b
What radical African leader helped to achieve independence in Ghana? Select one: a. W.E.B. Dubois b. Kwame Nkrumah c. Nelson Mandela d. Julius Nyerere e. Jomo Kenyatta
b
Which of the following nations, created in the aftermath of World War I, lost its/their independence following World War II? Select one: a. Czechoslovakia b. Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia c. Serbia d. Yugoslavia e. Greece
b
Which of the following social insurance programs was NOT typical of the welfare state? Select one: a. Social security programs b. The "value-added" tax scheme c. State-run medical facilities d. Family assistance e. Unemployment insurance
b
Which of the following statements concerning Western culture during the later 20th century is most accurate? Select one: a. More than any other scientific field, the social sciences abandoned the traditional emphasis on consistency in human and social behavior. b. Western culture in the 20th century, both in art and in science, became largely relative rather than objective. c. In the field of physics, modern scientists were unable to go beyond the startling discoveries of the 19th century. d. Romanticism was re-introduced with much success due to the increasing alienation among the intellectual class. e. In the fine arts, most artists attempted a return to the classical forms of the Renaissance and the ancient world.
b
Which of the following statements concerning the Orthodox church under Stalin's regime is most accurate? Select one: a. The regime appointed the Orthodox church the only approved religion within the state. b. Loyalties to orthodoxy persisted, but they were concentrated in a largely elderly minority. c. The Orthodox church became the primary instrument of the regime's policy of education. d. The Orthodox church continued to endorse the political policies of the Soviet regime. e. The Orthodox church ceased to exist during the Stalinist regime.
b
Which of the following statements concerning western European nations in NATO is most accurate? Select one: a. Increasingly western European nations withdrew from NATO and established self-sufficient military defensive systems. b. Europeans ultimately became rather comfortable with the concept of relying on U.S. protection. c. Western European nations rapidly lost their fear of Soviet aggression leading to weakening of NATO. d. Western European nations rapidly expanded their military expenditures to equal and exceed those of the U.S. e. West Germany took the lead in establishing a new anti-Soviet coalition and withdrawing from NATO.
b
Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century? Select one: a. Access to higher education b. Payment equal to males for equal work c. Voting d. Access to birth control e. Family rights
b
Which of the following was consistent with the political viewpoint of the Christian Democrats? (A) totalitarian government (B) democratic institutions and moderate social reform (C) abolition of trade unions (D) nationalization of all industries (E) suppression of the Catholic Church
b
A return to conservatism in Western politics was marked by the election and long term of office of Select one: a. Lech Walesa in Poland b. Jimmy Carter in the U.S. c. Margaret Thatcher in Britain. d. Willy Brandt in Germany. e. Georges Mitterand in France.
c
At this conference in 1942, the Nazi high command finalized plans for the destruction of the Jewish race. Select one: a. Krakow b. Auschwitz c. Wannsee d. Copenhagen e. Munich
c
British victory in the Battle of Britain was due to all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the bravery of the royal family. b. the high morale of the citizens. c. the V2 rocket. d. efficient use of their air force. e. radar.
c
How did the Indian Congress Party and nationalist leaders respond to British participation in World War II? Select one: a. Nationalist leaders of all parties opposed the war effort. b. The Muslim League and the Communists opposed the British war effort as a means of establishing independence. c. Congress opposed the war effort and its leaders were jailed, but the Muslim League rallied to the British cause. d. As in World War I, the Congress Party and nationalist leaders such as Gandhi led popular rallies in favor of the British war effort. e. At first, both parties opposed the war, but after the Battle of Britain both parties agreed to support the war.
c
In order to avoid a two-front war, Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with which country in 1939? Select one: a. France b. Poland c. The Soviet Union d. Italy e. Spain
c
In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam? Select one: a. 1947 b. 1940 c. 1954 d. 1981 e. 1973
c
Postwar Soviet society resembled Western society in all of the following ways EXCEPT: (A) a falling birthrate. (B) women entered the workforce in significant numbers. (C) women's domestic roles were more idealized in the West. (D) women increasingly received higher educations. (E) leisure activities absorbed ever more available income.
c
The European Economic Community is a good example of Select one: a. the continued economic dependence of the European nations on the influence of Marxist ideas and the power of the Soviet Union. b. Europe's continued national strife. c. cooperation between European nations and a willingness to create a single European economy. d. the need for Europe to develop a single foreign policy independent of the U.S. e. the continued economic dependence of the European nations on the capital derived from the U.S.
c
The Tripartite Pact, signed in 1940, included Japan, Germany, and Select one: a. the United States. b. Britain. c. Italy. d. Russia. e. France.
c
What French leader negotiated Algeria's independence in 1962? Select one: a. General Boulanger b. Marshal Petain c. Charles de Gaulle d. Jacques Chirac e. King Charles V
c
What Russian author of Gulag Archipelago was exiled to the West, but found life there too materialistic? Select one: a. Karamazov b. Pushkin c. Solzhenitsyn d. Tolstoy e. Turgenev
c
What Western nation failed to develop an economic planning office? Select one: a. Norway b. Sweden c. The United States d. France e. Britain
c
What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II? Select one: a. The red scare b. The red menace c. The iron curtain d. The Berlin wall e. The cold war
c
Which of the following statements concerning the Algerian independence movement is most accurate? Select one: a. Independence in Algeria was achieved as a result of the military victory of the FLN over the French army. b. Unlike the rest of Africa, Algeria was never decolonized and remained a province of France. c. Decolonization in Algeria was violent, as white settlers resisted independence through the OAS supported by powerful elements within the French military. d. Algeria became an example of a Cold War conflict where both the United States and the Soviet Union sent in troops and aid. e. Algeria won its independence from France in a peaceful movement led by white settlers in the colony.
c
Which of the following statements concerning the Soviet military following Stalin's death is most accurate? Select one: a. Following Stalin's death, subsequent Soviet rulers enacted a policy of progressive demilitarization. b. The continued growth of the Soviet military led to an increasing willingness on the part of Russian rulers to engage in direct military intervention around the globe. c. Overall the Soviet Union played a cautious diplomatic game, almost never engaging in warfare but maintaining a high level of preparedness. d. Following World War II, the Soviet military played no significant role in subsequent Russian history. e. The Soviet military attempted to create a containment system when it came to countering American military moves.
c
Which of the following statements concerning warfare in the European theater during World War II is most accurate? Select one: a. From 1939 on, the chief resistance to the German advance was provided by American forces. b. The war quickly turned into a trench warfare stalemate with both sides working to gain additional allies. c. By the summer of 1940, most of France lay in German hands, while a semi-fascist collaborative regime ruled in Vichy. d. British resistance crumbled before the air assaults of Germany, and an amphibious assault knocked the British from the war. e. France mounted a fanatic defense of its home territories, only succumbing to the Nazi advance in 1944.
c
Which of the following was a Soviet success during the years of Khrushchev's dominance? Select one: a. The Cuban missile crisis b. The development of agriculture in Siberia c. The launching of Sputnik d. Increases in overall agricultural productivity e. Development of new nuclear weaponry
c
A program of loans that was designed to aid western European nations rebuild from WWII's devastation was the Select one: a. McArthur Plan. b. Dreyfus Plan. c. Churchill Plan. d. Marshall Plan. e. Dawes Plan
d
After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated by Select one: a. the emerging estate of middle-class liberals intent on a broader franchise. b. labor unions whose position was strengthened by their control of industry. c. socialists who gained power in the aftermath of the depression. d. a military regime dedicated to the ultra-nationalist goals. e. a democratic government elected after the fall of the emperor.
d
All of the following policies were followed by Soviet-sponsored regimes in eastern Europe EXCEPT Select one: a. collectivization of agriculture. b. the initiation of five-year plans. c. attacks on potential political rivals, including the Catholic church. d. the establishment of parliamentary democracies. e. development of mass education and propaganda outlets.
d
Germany's war effort was based on the concept of Select one: a. trench warfare. b. massive naval battles. c. horse-mounted infantry. d. blitzkrieg. e. Anschluss.
d
Immediately after Stalin's death in 1953, what form of government was established? Select one: a. Autocracy under Leonid Brezhnev b. A dictatorship under the rule of Gorbachev c. A liberal democracy d. A ruling committee rather than single-man rule e. Rule by the Supreme Soviet
d
In a decisive naval battle, the Japanese fleet was effectively put out of commission at Select one: a. Tarawa. b. Wake Island. c. Coral Sea. d. Midway. e. Iwo Jima.
d
Japan's surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by Select one: a. the loss of China to combined British and American forces. b. the British advance through Malaya into China. c. a massive land and sea assault on the Japanese home islands. d. the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the U.S. e. the loss of the Philippines to the U.S.
d
The Afrikaner National Party in South Africa established a rigid system of racial segregation called Select one: a. settlement policy. b. voortrekker. c. swartzfrei. d. apartheid. e. Boer prejudice.
d
The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement. Select one: a. Sweden b. Beligum c. France d. Poland e. Czechoslovakia
d
This city was the capital of the Nazis' puppet regime in France. Select one: a. Reims b. Paris c. Toulouse d. Vichy e. St. Gabrielle
d
What Soviet leader emerged to take primary power in 1956? (A) Joseph Stalin (B) Mikhail Gorbachev (C) Yuri Andropov (D) Nikita Khrushchev (E) Yuri Gagarin
d
What leader emerged to take primary power in 1956? Select one: a. Yuri Andropov b. Mikhail Gorbachev c. Alexander Solzhenitsyn d. Nikita Khrushchev e. Joseph Stalin
d
What upset the pattern of political compromise around the patterns of parliamentary democracy and the welfare state in the 1960s? Select one: a. The election of a fascist government in Portugal b. Military revolutions in France and Spain c. The widespread depression that afflicted Europe d. Protest on college campuses in Europe and the U.S. e. New communist movements sponsored by the U.S.S.R.
d
What was the focal point of the Cold War in Europe immediately following World War II? (A) Hungary (B) Czechoslovakia (C) France (D) Germany (E) Italy
d
What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947? Select one: a. A civil war broke out between Hindus and Muslims but was settled quickly with the aid of Gandhi. b. The British simply withdrew from India without any political settlement of the problem of religious division. c. The British established a single government with a Hindu majority, but with specific offices reserved for Muslims. d. The British decided to divide India into two nations, a Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu-dominated India. e. The government of India was divided between two houses of the Indian parliament, one for Muslims, one for Hindus.
d
Which of the following nations did NOT remain independent of direct Soviet control by 1948? (A) Greece (B) Albania (C) Yugoslavia (D) Poland (E) Turkey
d
Which of the following nations was NOT involved in the original European Economic Community? Select one: a. Germany b. France c. Belgium d. Britain e. Italy
d
Which of the following paralleled the development of the welfare state? Select one: a. Decreased spending on technology and research b. Increased military spending c. Increased political conservatism d. Increased government role in economic policy e. Decreased government spending overall
d
Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s? Select one: a. Conservatism b. Communism c. Socialism d. The Green movement e. Monarchism
d
Which of the following statements concerning U.S. military spending is most accurate? Select one: a. Under Democratic presidents, the percentage of U.S. resources devoted to the military increased while under Republican presidents the same expenditures decreased. b. Under Republican presidents, the percentage of U.S. resources devoted to the military increased while under Democratic presidents the same expenditures decreased. c. After World War II, U.S. military spending continuously declined. d. Regardless of the party in political power, the percentage of the U.S. budget going to the military remained stable from the 1950s to the 1980s. e. The U.S. abandoned military preeminence to the growing power of France.
d
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the European economy of the post-1950s? Select one: a. Eastern Europe became an economic powerhouse while northern Europe fell into economic depression. b. With the exception of a major depression from 1958 to 1964, the European economy grew. c. While southern European nations, long the least developed of the continent, demonstrated remarkable growth, northern Europe slid into economic recession. d. Overall growth in gross national product surpassed the rates of any extended period since the Industrial Revolution began. e. The European economy stagnated shortly after the withdrawal of the U.S. from European affairs.
d
Which of the following was NOT a source of pressure on the Soviet family? Select one: a. Crowded housing b. Mothers who worked long hours away from the home c. Loss of ties to extended family life of the countryside d. Religious constraints imposed by the Orthodox church e. Increased use of alcohol
d
Which of these statements are true about the Russian Orthodox Church under Soviet rule? (A) Orthodoxy was embraced as a vehicle for communist propaganda. (B) The Orthodox Church was outlawed in its entirety. (C) The government secularized the church as an agency of the state. (D) The Orthodox Church survived, but was not allowed to instruct youth. (E) Orthodoxy became an underground movement
d
Who wrote The Feminine Mystique? Select one: a. Gerda Lerner b. Jeanne Stemple c. Kate Millet d. Betty Friedan e. Sojourner Truth
d
Women in Russian industrialized society Select one: a. rapidly reached the same status as males. b. were afforded the same type of domestic idealization typical of women in the West. c. were less likely to be in the work force than women in the West. d. dominated some professions, such as medicine. e. played a major role as political leaders.
d
All of the following groups were targeted by Hitler in the mass executions that would become known as the "final solution" EXCEPT Select one: a. mental deviants. b. homosexuals. c. Gypsies. d. Jews. e. Czechs.
e
Approximately how many people were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Select one: a. two million b. 20 million c. eight million d. one million e. 12 million
e
By the 1970s, the Russian rate of population growth was Select one: a. about the same as that of China. b. much less than that of the West. c. much greater than the West. d. much greater than found in former colonial regions. e. about the same as that of the West.
e
Despite the loosening of Soviet control over eastern Europe following Stalin's death, what aspects of Soviet domination continued to be enforced? Select one: a. Centralized economic planning b. Exporting large amounts of natural resources to the U.S.S.R. c. Agricultural collectivization d. Total rejection of Catholicism e. Single-party dominance and military alignment with the Soviet Union
e
Greece, Albania and ________ remained independent of direct Soviet control by 1948. Select one: a. Hungary b. Estonia c. Poland d. Latvia e. Yugoslavia
e
In what year did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, thus bringing the United States into World War II? Select one: a. 1939 b. 1943 c. 1945 d. 1944 e. 1941
e
The independent labor movement in Poland that challenged Soviet dominance was called Select one: a. the New Independence Movement. b. Comintern. c. Izvestia. d. Pravda. e. Solidarity.
e
U.S. defense against Soviet aggression in western Europe was predicated on Select one: a. the technological superiority of its tanks and artillery. b. use of China as a counter-balance to Soviet aims in east Asia. c. the political division within the Soviet Union. d. a massive superiority in men under arms. e. a nuclear "umbrella."
e
What document during World War II included a clause that recognized the "right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live?" Select one: a. The Truman Doctrine b. The Marshall Plan c. The Kyoto Accords d. The Balfour Declaration e. The Atlantic Charter
e
Which of the following countries was NOT a charter member of the UN? Select one: a. The United States b. France c. Britain d. The Soviet Union e. China
e
Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis powers? Select one: a. Hungary b. Italy c. Japan d. Germany e. The Soviet Union
e
Which of the following eastern European nations developed an advanced industrialization program, extensive urban culture, and preference for Western models and interaction following World War I? Select one: a. Bulgaria b. The Soviet Union c. Poland d. Hungary e. Czechoslovakia
e
Which of the following statements concerning the European welfare state is most accurate? Select one: a. All of the tax schemes introduced by the welfare state were intended to redistribute income from the wealthy to the poor. b. The imposition of the welfare state was accompanied by the elimination of the private sector in most European nations. c. The economic status of the lower class improved substantially from the end of World War II to 1960. d. Middle-class people, in general, failed to realize any benefits from the welfare state. e. Although some aspects of the welfare state redistributed income, it did not make a huge dent on western Europe's unequal class system.
e
Which of the following statements concerning the German government after World War II is most accurate? Select one: a. Germany remained divided among three Western powers until 1980. b. Germany fell under the direct government of the Soviet Union along with the rest of eastern Europe. c. After World War II, the Weimar Republic was restored in Germany. d. Germany reunited in 1960 after the fall of the Berlin Wall. e. During the cold war, France, Britain, and the United States merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany.
e
Which of the following was NOT a result of the peace treaties signed following World War II? Select one: a. Germany was divided into four zones of occupation. b. The United States occupied Japan. c. Austria was divided and occupied. d. The Soviet Union took much of eastern Poland, while the Poles were compensated by receiving part of eastern Germany. e. German industrial power was destroyed.
e
Which of the following was NOT an effect of the welfare state? Select one: a. It proved to be very expensive for governments to manage and operate. b. It increased contacts between government and citizen and produced a host of new regulations. c. It cushioned citizens against big expenses and unusual hardships, rather than rearranging the social structure. d. It protected the purchasing power of the very poor against catastrophe and contributed to improved health conditions. e. Immediately upon its creation, it generated a storm of political protest from conservative political factions.
e
Which of the following was NOT typical of the European economy after 1950? Select one: a. Rising per-capita disposable income b. Low levels of unemployment c. Rampant consumerism d. Difficulties with immigrant laborers e. High levels of unemployment
e
World War II officially began in what year? Select one: a. 1945 b. 1941 c. 1940 d. 1935 e. 1939
e
