Chapter 31: Societies at Crossroads

By 1913 all of the following provinces gained either Independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except -Anatolia -Egypt -Greece -Serbia -none are correct because all gained either independence or autonomy

Anatolia

At the end of the 19 century the ottoman empire Russian Empire Qing Dynasty and Tokugawa Japan were societies at crosswords because they

Discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the Western powers

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

-was achieved at the tsar's insistence -was intended to avert a revolution -brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants -did not significantly increase agricultural production

The Russian Empire was defeated in the Crimean war because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire

The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the

Creation of a modern army

In China a sphere of influence was a

District in which a foreign power had exclusive trade transportation and mineral rights

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

Held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

Land taxes

The Taiping Rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers

The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown because

The Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by the Commodore Perry

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

The daimyo and samurai classes

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reforms because

Their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities

Which of the Young Turk Proposals cause the most dissension in the empire

Turkish as the official language of the empire

Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905 -The lack of a representative legislative body -The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war - The bloody Sunday massacre -The government failure to address the inequities of land ownership -all are correct

All are correct

The British insisted on the right to trade opium with China because

It was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit

Which of the following was not a provision of the treaty of Nanjing in 1842 -Britain gained control of the island of Hong Kong -British merchants gained the right to conduct the opium trade unimpeded -Chinese ports were open to foreign trade and residence -Christian missionaries were permitted to come into China -Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan

Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan

Which of the following was not part of the Witte's policy of industrialization -construction of the Trans-Siberian railroad -banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment -protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries -nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel -promotion of foreign investment in Russian industry

Nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel

The ottoman military have declined by the 19th century because

The janissary corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training, the janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army, many provincial rulers had a private mercenary armies, ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment

Which of the following was not a provision of the Meiji constitution -Japan became a constitutional monarchy -right to vote was based on property qualifications -The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the diet -The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the diet -individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state

The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the diet

Tan I'm at legal reforms included all of the following except -equality before the law for all subjects -public trials in civil courts -free public education -women's right to sue for divorce -none of these is correct because all were among the Tanzimat reforms

Women's right to sue for divorce