Chapter 32

Because the nomadic peoples of Australia did not occupy lands permanently, British settlers considered the continent Terra nullius, "land belonging to no one," and one that they could seize and put to their own uses.

True

Between 1800 and 1914, some fifty million Europeans left their poor agricultural societies and sought opportunities overseas, a majority heading to the United States.

True

Both the Suez Canal and Panama Canal facilitated the building and maintenance of empires by enabling naval vessels to travel rapidly between the world's oceans.

True

During the second half of the nineteenth century many Europeans believed that Imperial expansion and colonial domination were crucial for the survival of their states.

True

English writer Rudyard Kipling defined the "white man's burden" as the duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order and enlightenment to distant lands.

True

The Berlin West Africa Conference, which included delegates from fourteen European states and the United States, devised the ground rules for the colonization of Africa.

True

The United States emerged as a major imperial and colonial power after the brief Spanish-Cuban-American war.

True

The Congo Free State was established in the 1870s by? a. Italy. b. Belgium. c. England. d. France. e. Germany.

b. Belgium.

The Suez Canal was essential for? a. facilitating trade between both U.S. coasts. b. British control over India. c. Spanish control over the Philippines. d. French control over Vietnam. e. the maintenance of the Ottoman empire.

b. British control over India.

The author of the Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races was? a. Josiah Clark Nott. b. Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau. c. Charles Darwin. d. Herbert Spencer. e. Ram Mohan Roy.

b. Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau.

Between 1859 and 1893, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos all fell under the control of? a. England. b. France. c. the Dutch. d. Germany. e. the United States.

b. France.

In the nineteenth century, the majority of indentured laborers came from? a. Russia. b. India. c. China. d. Ireland. e. Africa.

b. India.

The Sino-Japanese War began with a dispute over? a. Burma. b. Korea. c. Mongolia. d. Vietnam. e. Siberia.

b. Korea.

In 1770, Captain James Cook anchored his fleet at Botany Bay, near what modern city? a. Melbourne b. Sydney c. Cape Town d. New South Wales e. Wellington

b. Sydney

The Berlin Conference? a. set up a timetable for decolonization in Africa. b. devised the ground rules for the European colonization of Africa. c. ended the Crimean War. d. established the Triple Alliance. e. legitimized the German colonization of the Marshall Islands.

b. devised the ground rules for the European colonization of Africa.

The most important figures in the uprising in 1857 in India were? a. Russian military officials looking for an advantage in the Great Game. b. disgruntled sepoy troops. c. French agents working to cause unrest in an important British colony. d. the representatives of the Indian National Congress. e. American soldiers looking for an excuse to pry India away from British control.

b. disgruntled sepoy troops.

In 1916, the Indian National Congress? a. was granted financial support by the British colonial government. b. joined forces with the All-India Muslim League. c. demanded the establishment of "concessionary companies." d. represented about 25 percent of the Indian population. e. All these answers are correct.

b. joined forces with the All-India Muslim League.

Submarine cables linked all parts of the British empire throughout the world by? a. 1815. b. 1853. c. 1902. d. 1945. e. 1972.

c. 1902.

After the overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893, the United States took over? a. the Philippines. b. Cuba. c. Hawaii. d. Guam. e. Puerto Rico.

c. Hawaii.

The term "social Darwinism" is associated with? a. Cecil Rhodes. b. Josiah Clark Nott. c. Herbert Spencer. d. Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau. e. Otto von Bismarck.

c. Herbert Spencer.

New South Wales was originally settled by about one thousand people, most of them convicted criminals? a. but they gradually died out due to famine and disease. b. but they were soon displaced by British ranchers, who needed the land for their sheep. c. but voluntary migrants outnumbered convicts within 50 years. d. who were pardoned and given the opportunity to purchase land. e. and it remained a penal colony until 1905.

c. but voluntary migrants outnumbered convicts within 50 years.

Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau viewed Europeans as? a. smart but docile. b. somewhat intelligent but remarkably energetic. c. intelligent and morally superior to all other peoples in the world. d. dull and arrogant. e. unintelligent and lazy.

c. intelligent and morally superior to all other peoples in the world.

Under British control, Ceylon became a major producer of? a. cotton. b. pineapple. c. tea. d. rubber. e. indigo.

c. tea.

The Roosevelt Corollary strengthened U.S. military and economic claims in which area of the world? a. China b. Africa c. those territories lying in the western hemisphere to the south of the United States d. lands in the Pacific not including Australia and New Zealand e. Indochina

c. those territories lying in the western hemisphere to the south of the United States

Who said, "We are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race"? a. Simón Bolívar b. Theodore Roosevelt c. Ito Hirobumi d. Cecil Rhodes e. Otto von Bismarck

d. Cecil Rhodes

Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the? a. Sino-Japanese War. b. Crimean War. c. Korean War. d. Russo-Japanese War. e. Opium War.

d. Russo-Japanese War.

By 1900, the only part of southeast Asia not under European imperial rule was? a. Vietnam. b. Cambodia. c. Malaysia. d. Siam. e. Laos.

d. Siam.

In 1824, Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of? a. Sydney. b. Rangoon. c. Manila. d. Singapore. e. Hong Kong.

d. Singapore.

The battle of Omdurman? a. ensured British domination over New Zealand. b. allowed France to establish a colony in Vietnam. c. led to the collapse of the Ottoman empire. d. opened the door for British colonial rule in Sudan. e. doomed Russia to defeat in the Russo-Japanese war.

d. opened the door for British colonial rule in Sudan.

The social Darwinists believed that? a. a sharp distinction had to be made between the biological and social worlds. b. only a socialist political and social structure would keep humans from destroying themselves. c. more powerful nations had to protect weaker nations. d. powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies. e. human beings had reached the point at which competition among nations was no longer necessary.

d. powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies.

"Concessionary companies" refers to a system of colonial rule that employed? a. military forces tasked specifically with protecting trade operations. b. temporary governments. c. private companies that gave up substantial control over their operations to a sponsoring European government in order to participate in colonial expansion. d. private companies granted territory and control over taxation and labor for mining, construction, or agricultural projects. e. government-owned companies that controlled taxation and labor in the colony.

d. private companies granted territory and control over taxation and labor for mining, construction, or agricultural projects.

In regard to imperialism, the Japanese and Americans? a. were much more tolerant and respectful of their colonies than were the Europeans. b. expanded for very different reasons than did the Europeans. c. never saw the need to expand. d. proved to be just as racist as the Europeans. e. drew a sharp distinction between their enlightened sense of rule and that of the Europeans.

d. proved to be just as racist as the Europeans.

Emilio Aguinaldo led an uprising in? a. Mexico against the Spanish. b. Fiji against the British. c. Indonesia against the Dutch. d. the Philippines against the United States. e. Brazil against the Portuguese.

d. the Philippines against the United States.

Which matching of imperial power and colony is NOT correct? a. England and New Zealand b. Germany and the Marshall Islands c. the Dutch and Indonesia d. the United States and Fiji e. France and Tahiti

d. the United States and Fiji

The Monroe Doctrine? a. ensured that neither the Europeans nor the Americans would ever interfere in western hemispheric affairs. b. opened Japan to U.S. trade. c. gave the British an inroad into New Zealand. d. worked as a justification for U.S. intervention in western hemispheric affairs. e. handed the Philippines over to the United States.

d. worked as a justification for U.S. intervention in western hemispheric affairs.

Ram Mohan Roy was a? a. prominent Bengali intellectual sometimes referred to as the "father of modern India." b. member of the Indian elite and a newspaper publisher. c. Hindu reformer who tried to bring spirituality to bear on the problems of his time. d. member of the Indian elite who worked with Christian social reformers. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

The Boers were? a. east African coastal merchants. b. Indians who served as soldiers for the British. c. Malaysian tribal chieftains who allied with the Dutch. d. Australian aborigines. e. Dutch settlers in South Africa.

e. Dutch settlers in South Africa.

The author of "the White Man's Burden" was? a. Cecil Rhodes. b. Otto von Bismarck. c. Joseph Arthur de Gobineau. d. Theodore Roosevelt. e. Rudyard Kipling.

e. Rudyard Kipling.

The Maji Maji rebellion occurred in? a. Hawaii against the Americans. b. Vietnam against the French. c. Fiji against the British. d. Indonesia against the Dutch. e. Tanganyika against the Germans.

e. Tanganyika against the Germans.

Cecil Rhodes was? a. the British military leader who was responsible for a boom in naval expansion. b. the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny. c. responsible for the philosophy that we know as social Darwinism. d. the first leader of an independent Canada. e. a leading British imperialist who founded a colony in Africa.

e. a leading British imperialist who founded a colony in Africa.

Bewtween 1800 and 1914, how many Europeans migrated overseas? a. five million b. ten million c. seven million d. fifteen million e. fifty million

e. fifty million

Rudyard Kipling's poem, " The White Man's Burden," was actually meant to inspire the Americans to colonize a. Canada. b. Mexico. c. Brazil. d. Vietnam. e. the Philippines.

e. the Philippines.

The United States occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico,Guam, and the Philippines after its victory in? a. World War I. b. the Opium War. c. the War of 1812. d. the Filipino Civil War. e. the Spanish-Cuban-American War.

e. the Spanish-Cuban-American War.

In some cases, colonial rule led to the introduction of new crops that transformed the landscape and social order of subject lands, for example the introduction of tea bushes from India to China.

False

The Dutch East India Company took advantage of Mughal weakness to strengthen and expand its trading posts in the eighteenth century.

False

The underlying principle of indirect rule was the desire to keep African populations in check and permit European administrators to engage in a "civilizing mission".

False