Chapter 32 Physical Activity & Mobility Mastery Exercise

Match the following terms and descriptions. 1. Orthopneic position 2. Scoliosis 3. Logrolling 4. Ankylosis 5. Crepitus A. Used after spinal surgery B. Fusing of the joints C. Lateral curvature of the spine D. Creaking of the joint E. Leaning over a pillow on a table

Answer: 1, E 2, C 3, A 4, B 5, D

Which of the following could put a nurse or healthcare worker at risk for sustaining a back injury? A. Lifting a box of IV supplies up and over the head to place on a shelf B. Placing the feet 2 feet apart before sliding a patient up in bed C. Squatting to measure chest tube drainage D. Raising the bed to waist level when starting an IV

Answer: A. Lifting a box of IV supplies up and over the head to place on a shelf Rationale: Lifting an object overhead can strain a person's back or interfere with balance, leading to back injury or a fall. All other options represent the use of proper body mechanics.

Mary is working in a small rural hospital and is caring for a comatose patient who is beginning to develop foot drop. If there were no footboard available to use for proper positioning of the feet, Mary could use which of the following? A. Overhead trapeze B. Basketball shoes C. Pillow D. Trochanter roll

Answer: B. Basketball sneakers Rationale: Basketball shoes are a type of high-top, athletic footwear that help to keep the foot in flexion. The other responses are incorrect. A trapeze would not be used by a comatose patient. A pillow is too soft to maintain proper position of the feet, allowing rotation of the legs. A trochanter roll prevents external rotation of the hips.

Mrs. Williams has severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and becomes very short of breath when completing her ADLs. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would most accurately reflect Mrs. Williams's mobility problem? A. Ineffective Coping B. Impaired Physical Mobility C. Activity Intolerance D. Deficient Knowledge

Answer: C. Activity Intolerance Rationale: There is no data to suggest that the patient is not coping or has a knowledge deficit. Although she does have impaired mobility, the most accurate diagnosis is Activity Intolerance related to her poor oxygenation status

A patient is restrained at the wrists. At intervals, she is flexing her arm, pulling against the restraint tied to the bed. Technically, what type of exercise is this? A. Aerobic B. Isotonic C. Isometric D. Anaerobic

Answer: C. Isometric Rationale: Isometric exercises involve muscle contraction without motion. They are usually performed against an immovable surface or object—for example, pressing the hand against a wall, or pulling the wrist against a secured restraint.

In addition to proper positioning, which of the following would be an important nursing measure for a patient who is immobile? A. Encouraging a low- calcium diet to prevent kidney stones B. Limiting fluid intake so she does not have to use the bedpan as frequently C. Encouraging the patient to lie still so he does not cause a blood clot to become dislodged D. Performing a skin assessment to dependent areas at least once every shift

Answer: D. Performing a skin assessment to dependent areas at least once every shift Rationale: An immobile patient is at risk for pressure-related injury to the skin, especially from the patient is incontinent or diaphoretic. Frailty (bony prominences) also increases the risk for pressure injury. Therefore, a skin assessment at least once a shift is important for the early detection of decubitus. Other responses are incorrect. A diet low in calcium will not prevent kidney stones; kidney stones develop only in susceptible people, regardless of calcium intake. Limiting the fluid intake will place the patient at risk for a urinary tract infection. Keeping extremities still will lead to increased venous pooling and risk for the development of blood clots.

Flexibility training involves moving a muscle against resistance

Answer: False Rationale: Moving a muscle against resistance is resistance training.

When checking a patient to be sure her body is aligned properly, it is desirable to observe the patient from the front, back, and side views.

Answer: True Rationale: The front, back, and side views are needed to assess curvatures of the spine, posture, line of gravity, and general balance and symmetry.