Chapter 34 EMT

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: Select one: A. croup. B. asthma. C. bronchitis. D. epiglottitis

A

Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because: Select one: A. their chest walls are thinner. B. the size of their lungs amplifies the sounds. C. the chest cavity is small in proportion to the rest of the body. D. children typically have upper airway problems.

A

Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. anxiety. B. hypoxia. C. brain injury. D. drugs.

A

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. sunken fontanelles. B. headache and fever. C. a stiff or painful neck. D. altered mental status.

A

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Select one: A. neonatal period. B. toddler period. C. start of infancy. D. premature phase.

A

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Select one: A. at the feet. B. at the head. C. in the ambulance. D. en route to the hospital.

A

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: Select one: A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. B. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

B

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. infection. B. hyperglycemia. C. electrolyte imbalances. D. poisonings or ingestion.

B

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Select one: A. extreme restlessness. B. drooling or congestion. C. skin that is cool and dry. D. acute respiratory distress.

B

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: Select one: A. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. C. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

B

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: Select one: A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. D. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

B

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: Select one: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. C. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. D. rely solely on the parent for information.

B

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: Select one: A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. B. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. C. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury. D. immediately report your suspicions to the parents.

B

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? Select one: A. Drug and alcohol ingestion B. Hypertension C. Seizure D. Hypoglycemia

B

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: Select one: A. deliver 5 rescue breaths. B. palpate for a carotid pulse. C. categorize him as deceased. D. categorize him as immediate.

B

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? Select one: A. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds B. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min C. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg D. Pulse rate greater than 120/min

C

A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: Select one: A. cerebral edema. B. hypoglycemia. C. abdominal distention. D. chest pain

C

Pale skin in a child indicates that the: Select one: A. child is in severe decompensated shock. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. child's core body temperature is elevated. Next

C

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? Select one: A. What time did the ingestion occur? B. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? C. Why did your child ingest the poison? D. Do you know what substance was ingested?

C

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Select one: A. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene B. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution C. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver D. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury

C

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Select one: A. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. C. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night. D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

C

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Select one: A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. C. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

C

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Select one: A. excessive tearing. B. moist oral mucosa. C. bulging fontanelles. D. absent urine output.

D

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. hot items on a stovetop. B. scalding water in a bathtub. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. D. entrapment in a structural fire.

D

When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. signs of illness, including medication, humidifiers, and thermometers. B. the general condition of the house. C. the site where the infant was discovered. D. the temperature of the room.

D