Chapter 34: The Great War: The World in Upheaval
Civilians were also targets of war through
aerial bombing and naval blockades.
The battle of Gallipoli was significant in that
this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops.
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because
his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.
The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called the
Schlieffen plan
The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states was
Self-determination
Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was
more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia.
Pressure to seek war and resist compromise had been mounting in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, fed by
aggressive nationalism, ambitious militarism, and complex national alliances.
The Somme was
an English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.
The war, when it came, was not what anyone expected:
new kind of warfare, total war, Russian revolution, peace and unresolved questions
Which of the following was NOT a military technology used in World War I?
nuclear submarines
For a while it seemed that a liberal democracy might emerge, but within months the Bolshevik Party under the direction of Lenin
overthrew the provisional government.
The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included
an expensive naval race, competition for foreign markets, tariff wars, competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa.
The provisional government lost the support of many Russians because it
promised to continue the war to victory.
Governments took control of wartime production, and
propaganda campaigns demonized the enemy and glorified the war effort.
Dreadnoughts were designed primarily to
protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles.
The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was to
provide mutual defense and support in case of attack.
Casualties were counted in the hundreds of thousands, and progress
was measured in yards gained.
Offensive battle plans stalled in the trenches, where soldiers
were pounded by heavy artillery, trapped by machine-gun fire, and vulnerable to poisonous gas.
Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that the revolution
would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers.
The immediate provocation was a relatively minor incident—the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire—
but the causes was long-standing and much more complex.
Which of the following does NOT characterize the experience of trench warfare in World War I?
cavalry charges WERE: lice, rats, rain, machine guns
In World War I, "no man's land" was the
deadly territory between opposing trenches.
At the Paris Peace Conference, the victors, especially Britain and France,
dictated harsh terms to the defeated Central Powers, dismantled their colonial empires, and imposed economic penalties.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
ended Russia's involvement in World War I.
Approximately how many combatants died in World War I?
fifteen million
Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when
troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied.
Slavic cultural unity was actively promoted by
Russia
Which of the following was a German African colony conquered by the Allies in World War I?
Togoland
In 1914, England's share of the world's industrial output stood at
14 percent, roughly the same as Germany's.
Ataturk proclaims Republic of Turkey
1923
The western front in World War I was
A bloody stalemate
The mandate system
Angered the Arab world because it was little more than a glorified form of imperialism
In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman empire faced insurrection from the
Arabs.
The nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to a state such as
Austria-Hungary
At the Paris Peace Conference,
Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power.
The Twenty-One Demands were issued
By Japan to China
The Japanese fought in World War I due to their
Desire to acquire German colonies in Asia
The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Ended Russia's involvement in World War I
The spark for World War I was provided when Gavrilo Princip assassinated
Francis Ferdinand
The official factor in the United States's decision to enter World War I was
Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
The key factor in the decision of the U.S. to enter World War I was
Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.
The members of the Triple Alliance were
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Woodrow Wilson agreed to many harsh stipulations to the Treaty of Versailles
In return for the creation of the League of Nations
By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following EXCEPT
Ireland.
Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is NOT true?
It was dominated by the countries of Europe.
The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was
Its inability to satisfy popular demands for an end to the war
The March Revolution of 1917
Led to the establishment of a reform-minded provisional government in Russia
The last tsar of Russia was
Nicholas II
Which of the following was not an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to World War I?
Religious differences
One of the major problems of the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles was
Russia's absence from the negotiations.
"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to the
Russian revolution in November 1917.
Which one of the following is NOT an explanation of the expansion of World War I to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific?
The German invasion of neutral Belgium was a profound breech of international law.
Which one of the following is not an explanation of the expansion of World War I to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific?
The German invasion of neutral Belgium was such a profound breech of international law
Which of the following was not a characteristic of the new total war of World War I?
The extension of laissez-faire capitalism to its greatest freedom
The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because of
The inability of the French to forget their humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War
The German Schlieffen plan called for
a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia.
Which of the following was a German African colony conquered by the Allies in the Great War?
Togoland
In the wake of World War I, Mustafa Kemal became president of
Turkey
In the wake of World War I, Mustapha Kemal became president of
Turkey
In World War I, the eastern front was
Ultimately a spectacular German success
The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was
Verdun
The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly
Wildly enthusiastic
What effect did World War I have on the status of women?
Women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war
The first total war in world history was
World War I
The purpose of the Twenty-One Demands was to
reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate.
The bitterness engendered by the peace settlement virtually ensured
that another conflict would follow.
The German offensive of 1914 was halted at
the Marne River.
The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called
the Schlieffen plan
Armistice came in 1918, shortly after
the United States entered the war.
New technologies transformed
the experience of war.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the new total war of World War I?
the extension of laissez-faire capitalism to its greatest freedom
The Russian revolution was triggered by the war but sprang from
the long-standing failure of the tsarist government to meet the needs of the Russian people.
World War I engaged civilian populations
to an unprecedented degree.
On the home front, women
took up the work abandoned by recruits.