Chapter 35: Nutrition

A client tells the nurse, "as long as I only eat 2,400 calories per day, it doesn't matter which foods I eat." What is the appropriate nursing response?

"A healthy diet should be rich in nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.

Which nursing student statement regarding vegetarian diets requires further teaching from the nursing instructor?

"According to research, vegetarians have a higher incidence of obesity than others."

A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?

"My favorite drink is coffee with sugar."

A nursing student is teaching healthy nutrition to a client who is vegetarian. Which statement by the nursing student requires the nursing instructor to intervene?

"Obesity is closely linked with vegetarianism."

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?

"Taking megadoses of vitamins will help me increase muscle mass quickly."

A nurse is establishing an ideal body weight for a 5'9" (175 cm) healthy female. Based on the rule-of-thumb method, what would be this client's ideal weight?

145 lb/ 65.7 kg

What is the body mass index (BMI) of a client who is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 70 kg?

24.8

A nurse is discussing vitamin supplementation. Which groups are more prone to mild vitamin deficiencies? Select all that apply.

Adolescents Strict vegetarians Pregnant or lactating women

A nurse documents a client's hemoglobin as 80 g/L. What nutritional condition does this biochemical data signify?

Anemia

The nurse is concerned that a client is not eating the meals provided on the diet tray. What would be the most effective measure to help increase food consumption?

Ask the client what foods he or she enjoys.

he nurse is concerned that a client is not eating the meals provided on the diet tray. What would be the most effective measure to help increase food consumption?

Ask the client what foods he or she enjoys.

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?

Assess when client generally eats meals.

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites.

After reviewing the client's chart, the nurse notes that the client has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which meal tray would the client be allowed to eat?

Bouillon, apple juice, and gelatin

An athlete wants to increase her intake of complex carbohydrates and asks the nurse about potential sources. Which food is considered a complex carbohydrate?

Bread

Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines?

Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which liquid can be included in the client's diet?

Cranberry juice

A client resides in a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention would promote increased dietary intake?

Encourage the client to eat in the dining room.

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube?

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water.

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland. Which nutritional deficiency will the nurse suspect is linked to the client's condition?

Iodine

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

Low serum albumin levels

A nurse has received a physician's order to insert a nasogastric tube in an adult client. What is the correct order for insertion of a nasogastric tube?

Measure the insertion distance. Insert the nasogastric tube to the pharynx. Have the client tuck his chin to the chest. Have the client take small sips of water. Insert the tube to the indicated mark. Aspirate a small amount of stomach contents and check pH.

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her 6-month-old infant. What does the nurse inform the mother?

New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 5 to 7 days

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

Normal

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James?

Overweight

The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the:

RDA level

Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN?

Serum albumin

A nurse is caring for a client who has a malabsorption disease. The nurse should understand that which structure in the gastrointestinal system absorbs the majority of digested food and minerals?

Small intestine

The nurse is teaching four clients in a community health center. Which client does the nurse identify as needing more servings per day of milk?

Teenager who is in the second trimester of pregnancy

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a client who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition?

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

The nurse is providing care for a client whose abdominal fistula has necessitated the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What action should the nurse implement in the care of this client?

Use a pump to administer the client's TPN.

A nurse is conducting client education with a woman who meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The nurse is teaching the client about the MyPlate tool for promoting healthy food intake. According to MyPlate, the highest proportion of food in each meal should consist of what?

Vegetables

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect?

Vitamin D

A client who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin?

Vitamin K

When planning interventions in the immediate hours after birth the nurse recognizes the need to provide an injection of which vitamin (to manage a lack of it), due to lack of bacteria in the intestinal tract?

Vitamin K

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR?

a client who has a fever

A client is deficient in found to be deficient in vitamin K. What complications should the nurse closely assess for related to this deficiency?

bleeding tendencies

The nurse is helping a client who eats a normal diet of 2000 calories daily to read a nutritional label on a box of cereal. Which nutrient does the nurse identify as appropriate for this client?

cholesterol less than 300 mg

A client who is taking supplements reports severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely:

niacin

The community nurse is educating client groups about nutrition. Which group does the nurse identify that will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention?

older adults living on a fixed income

Which client(s), at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? Select all that apply.

older adults living on fixed incomes people with substance use problems pregnant teenagers

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

overweight

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which foods will the nurse identify as containing dietary protein? Select all that apply.

poultry beans nuts fish

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?

protein

The nurse is reviewing the health assessment of a client. The nurse is concerned that the client may have a deficiency of vitamin D. Which condition most supports this suspicion?

rickets

The nurse is educating a client with anemia about increasing iron in the diet. Which foods will the nurse teach the client that are high in iron? Select all that apply.

spinach liver tofu egg yolks

A nurse teaches a student nurse about the role fats play in the human body. What is the major storage form of fat?

triglycerides

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?

vitamin B12

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

vitamin B12