Chapter 4, 5, 9 Bio test

Schleiden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form says:

all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise by division of other cells.

Peptidoglycan (PG) is found in what?

bacteria

Organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" is called the what?

Mitochondria

Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time. What are these structures called?

Cilia

Ribosomes are found in which of the following?

Cytoplasm, RER, and Nucleus

Mitochondria and chloroplast are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain:

DNA

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. What is a plausible explanation?

Eukaryotes are immobile allowing them to grow larger.

Lysosomes are produced by the what?

Golgi Apparatus

The cis and trans faces refer to the what.

Golgi Apparatus

The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the:

Golgi apparatus

The Eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called the:

Golgi body

Who first described cells?

Hooke

Think: Glycogen Storage Disease Type 2 (GSD 2), also known a s Pompe disease, is a metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of glycogen in muscles and neurons throughout the body. It is caused by a defect in an enzyme that is normally house with other enzymes that are involved in breaking down large macromolecules. What organelle is most likely affected by this disease?

Lysosome

A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell?

The movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi. At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi. As a result, what would happen to the protein?

The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.

A cytologist is examining a tissue under a electron microscope. He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He asks why there are so many ribosomes. You respond,

This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body

A team of researchers is studying the external structures on the dorsal (back) surface of a spider mite. The spider mite seems to be the habitat of an even small mite, which is approximately 0.05mm. While they can see the dorsal surface of the spider mite with their naked eye, they cannot see the mite clearly. The researchers are writing a grant to provide support for a microscope to use to study these new mites. They need to purchase a microscope with a high magnification to observe the new mites on their habitat. Based on the information given, what type of microscope would you suggest?

binocular compound light microscope

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:

cell walls

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:

central vacuole

Chromosomes plus protein.

chromatin

The organelles that houses all other organelles is called the what.

cytoplasm

The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the?

cytoplasm

Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments from the cell supporting structure called the:

cytoskeleton

The organelle that assists with the integrity of the cell's membrane is called the what?

cytoskeleton

You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome. You would also expect to see this dye in the:

endoplasmic reictulum

The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is:

endosymbiosis

Prokaryotic cel movement is attributed to:

flagella

Lance wants to view the surface of a mitochondria of an animal cell. Which type of microscope will be best suited to to use for his viewing pleasure?

light microscope

Integrin's are responsible for what?

linking extracellular matrix to the cell's cytoplasm

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?

lysosome

Which of the following is not an example of a fiber?

microsegments

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:

microtubules in a 9+2 arrangment

This cellular structure lacks a membrane:

nucleoid

A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a:

nucleus

The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is the:

nucleus

The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called:

organelles

Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are:

peroxisomes

The nucleolus is the site of:

ribosome assembly

The pattern of a flagella is in what behavior.

rotation

Think: Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Martha is in Dr. Foster Biology 103 class and has been tasked with observing the surface of a new specimen. Which of the following will best suit her investigation?

scanning electron microscope

Which of the following are cell connections?

septate, tight junctions and desmosomes

During photosynthesis, light energy is trapped and converted to chemical energy in the what?

thylakoids

Type of microscope that transmit electrons through material is called a what?

transmission electron microscope

The secretory vesicle is responsible for which of the following?

transporting synthesized material from the SER to the golgi apparatus

The trans-face side of the Golgi apparatus is mostly know for what.

transporting waste from the golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly. Which cell structure had most likely contracted?

vacuole