chapter 4

Regeneration

(biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs

smooth muscle

(visceral muscle) is said to be involuntary because it is not under conscious or willful control.

Chondrocytes

cartilage cells

how does white fat get it's color?

clear lipid- storage vesicles scatter light like so many snowflakes, giving ordinary adipose tissue a whitish appearance.

what does collagen give a tissue?

collagen gives tissue flexible strength

connective tissue

connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body.

elastic cartilage

contains few collagen fibers but large numbers of very fine elastic fibers that give the matrix material a high degree of flexibility

muscle tissue

contracts to produce movement

nervous tissue

controls body functions and coordinates rapid communication between body structures.

cuboidal

cube shaped

describe the tissue matrix of tendons and ligaments

dense with strong twisted fibers that give the matrix a thick ropelike quality

elastin

elastin is present in some tissues and it's rubbery quality gives tissues the ability to stretch and rebound easily

connective tissue

provides structural and functional support

nervous tissue

senses, conducts, and produces information

what are the 3 kinds of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Fibrocartilage

strongest and most durable type of cartilage. fibrocartilage disks serve as shock absorbers between adjacent vertebrae and in the knee joint.

columnar

taller than they are wide

hematopoietic tissue

the blood like connective tissue found in the red marrow cavities of bones and in organs such as the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. This type of tissue is responsible for the formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells important in our defense against disease.

connective tissue exists as delicate, paper thin webs that hold internal organs together and gives them shape. it also exists as strong and tough cords, rigid bones, and even in the form of a fluid- blood. T or F?

True

epithelial tissues have very little matrix because the cells are so closely connected to each other. T or F?

True

what glue like layer connects epithelial tissue to it's connective tissue foundation?

basement membrane

what are the spaces within cancellous bone filled with?

blood forming hematopoietic tissue or adipose tissue.

blood tissue

-contains red/white blood cells, platelets, plasma -transport of materials, immune response

bone

1. compact 2. cancellous

cartilage

1. hyaline 2. fibrocartilage 3. elastic

fibrous (connective tissue proper)

1. loose fibrous (areolar) 2. adipose (fat) a. white b. brown 3. reticular 4. dense fibrous a. regular b. irregular

how many layers of differently shaped cells of varying sizes are present when the tissue is not stretched?

10

epitheleal tissue

Cover all body cavities

Describe hyaline cartilage

DESCRIPTION: Consists of a bluish-white, shiny ground substance with thin, fine collagen fibers and may chondrocytes; most abundant type of cartilage. LOCATION: Ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, and embryonic and fetal skeleton. FUNCTION: Provides smooth surfaces for movements at joints, as well as flexibility and support.

white fat

Most common Stores fat Absorbs shocks Slows heat loss (insulation)

loose fibrous connective tissue

Tissue composed mainly of fibroblasts widely separated by a matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers.

fascia

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

brown fat

a dark-colored adipose tissue with many blood vessels, involved in the rapid production of heat in hibernating animals and human babies.

what is collagen?

a protein that forms microscopic twisted ropes within the matrix of many tissues.

what is inside of each bone?

a type of tissue called cancellous bone or spongy bone.

all types of adipose tissue don't secrete hormones that help regulate metabolism and fuel storage in the body. T or F?

false

blood and hematopoietic tissue are not types of connective tissue. T or F?

false

the fascia of the body is not primarily composed of areolar tissue. T or F?

false

describe the matrix of bone

fibers are encrusted with mineral crystals to give it the characteristics of reinforced concrete

squamous

flat and scalelike

matrix

fluid material between cells

epithelial tissue

forms sheets that cover or line the body

cardiac muscle tissue

forms the walls of the heart, and the regular but involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle produce the heartbeat.

what is the most common type of cartilage in the body?

hyaline cartilage

how does epithelial and connective tissue differ?

in the arrangement and variety of it's cells and in the amount and kinds of intercellular material, or matrix found between it's cells

compact bone

is the solid form of bone that makes up the outer walls of bones in the skeleton. compact bone is made up of numerous structural building blocks called osteons or haversian systems.

transitional epithelium

is typically found in body areas subjected to stress and must be able to stretch.

describe the matrix

matrix is like jelly, made up of mostly water with various interlocking fibers that thicken it.

muscle tissue

muscle cells are a the movement specialists of the body. They have a higher degree of contractility ( ability to generate force or contract) than any other tissue cells.

where do epithelial cells get their oxygen and nutrients?

nearby blood vessels in the connective tissue that always underlies sheets of epithelial cells.

nervous tissue consists of what 2 kind of cells?

neurons and glia or neuroglia

the matrix contains various polysaccharides and proteoglycans that provide tissues with specialized properties. for example these molecules link cells, absorb shock, regulate function, and offer lubrication. T or F?

true

the thin watery matrix of blood-plasma-has no fibers at all(except when forming a blood clot) which allows it to remain free flowing. T or F?

true

when it begins to store lipids, areolar tissue can develop into adipose tissue, or fat tissue. T or F?

true

example of transitional epithelium

urinary bladder

transitional

varying shapes that can stretch

does the matrix differ in amount and kind of fluid between cells?

yes