Chapter 4

Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm? Holocrine Merocrine Autocrine Apocrine

Apocrine

Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues? Basolateral Lateral Glandular Apical

Basolateral

Which structure receives information, typically, from other neurons? Dendrite Telodendria Axon Microfibrils

Dendrite

Which adhesion is required for cell-to-cell communication? Gap junctions Tight junction Hemidesmosome Spot desmosome

Gap junctions

Mast cells, in the process of stimulating an inflammatory response, secrete all EXCEPT which of the following? Heparin Prostaglandins Histamine Interleukin-1

Interleukin-1

Which cell is present in many connective tissues that can differentiate into different types of cells? Melanocytes Mesenchymal Adipocytes Fibroblasts

Melanocytes

Which white blood cell is important in removing foreign bacteria? Monocyte Basophil Erythrocyte Eosinophil

Monocyte

________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells.

Neuroglia

__________ muscle tissue lack(s) microscopic striations. Cardiac and smooth Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Smooth

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by a reticular lamina. interfacial canals. a basal lamina. keratin. proteoglycan.

a basal lamina

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? skeletal smooth cardiac

cardiac

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of nerve tissue. all types of muscle tissue. cardiac muscle tissue. skeletal muscle tissue. smooth muscle tissue.

cardiac muscle tissue

A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is areolar connective tissue. bone. dense regular connective tissue. cartilage. epithelium.

cartilage

Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.

chondocytes

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is myosin. actin. elastin. collagen. connectin.

collagen

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are polar, cellular, and permeable. cartilage, bone, and collagen. loose, dense, and irregular. tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments. collagen, reticular, and elastic.

collagen, reticular, and elastic.

Which type of compound gland is found in salivary glands? Simple branched Alveolar Compound tubuloalveolar Tubular

compound tubuloalveolar

Blood is which type of tissue? muscle connective nerve mesenchyme epithelial

connective

The three categories of connective tissues are connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues. connective tissue proper, cartilages, and bone. glandular, exocrine, and endocrine. areolar, adipose, and dense tissues. epithelial, muscle, and neural tissues.

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are ligaments. reticular tissues. areolar tissue. tendons. dense irregular connective tissues.

dense irregular connective tissues

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called gap junctions. tight junctions. intermediate junctions. junctional complexes. desmosomes.

desmosomes

Germinative cells divide continually to produce new epithelial cells. start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue. cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue. make up most of the epithelial type of tissue. cannot divide.

divide continually to produce new epithelial cells

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are holocrine glands. endocrine glands. interstitial glands. merocrine glands. exocrine glands.

endocrine glands

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________. superficial relief; interstitial fluid transport media; physical protectors enzymes; hormones odors; alarms lubrication; lubricators

enzymes, hormones

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue. adipose muscle epithelial neural connective

epithelial

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is apical tissue. basal tissue. muscle tissue. epithelial tissue. connective tissue.

epithelial tissue

The tissue that always has an apical surface is __________. epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except regeneration. extracellular matrix. polarity. attachment. avascularity.

extracellular matrix

The most common cell type in dense regular connective tissue is the __________. adipocyte mast cell fibroblast macrophage

fibroblast

Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue? adipocyte squamous cell fibroblast chondroblast chondrocyte

fibroblast

A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

fibrous

Two classes of macrophages include mast cells and basophils. fixed macrophages and free macrophages. mesenchymal cells and melanocytes. microphages and adipocytes. neutrophils and eosinophils.

fixed macrophages and free macrophages

The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the gel matrix. cytoplasm. crista. ground substance. cytosol.

ground substance

The study of tissues is called

histology

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are endocrine glands. merocrine glands. sudoriferous glands. holocrine glands. apocrine glands.

holocrine glands

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage. elastic hyaline fibrous osseous ligamentous

hyaline

The body's first response to injury is __________. pain inflammation bleeding sweating

inflammation

Unlike cartilage, bone has an outer covering. has a matrix that contains collagen. has cells within lacunae. is highly vascular. is a connective tissue.

is highly vascular

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are adipocytes. fibroblasts. macrophages. melanocytes. mast cells.

macrophages

In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine.

mast

Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion. holocrine mucous serous merocrine apocrine

merocrine

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are mast cells. fibroblasts. lymphocytes. plasmocytes. mesenchymal stem cells.

mesenchymal stem cells

Secretions from __________ control the process of inflammation. mesenchymal stem cells mast cells plasmocytes fibrocytes

mesenchymal stem cells

Which of these assists in tissue repair by dividing? plasmocytes mesenchymal stem cells fibrocytes mast cells

mesenchymal stem cells

Which instrument is essential to the study of histology? laser microscope force gauge endoscope

microscope

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface. cilia mitochondria microvilli junctional complexes Golgi complexes

microvilli

Wharton's jelly is a form of ground substance. embryonic epithelium. collagen fibers. Marfan's syndrome. mucous connective tissue.

mucous connective tissue

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete milk. mucus. sweat. sebum. insulin

mucus

Which of these is not one of the four recognized tissue types? neural tissue connective tissue nasal tissue muscle tissue

nasal tissue

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. osseous areolar connective epithelial neural

neural

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n) occluding junction. intermediate junction. gap junction. desmosome. All of the answers are correct.

occluding junction

Bone is also called __________. adipose tissue cartilage osteocyte osseous tissue

osseous tissue

The tissue that covers cartilage is the __________. perimysium perichondrium periosteum perimaceum

perichondrium

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous lacunae. canaliculi. perichondrium. matrix. periosteum.

perichondrium.

The serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity is the __________. pericardium peritoneum periosteum pleura

pleura

Gland cells produce ________.

secretion

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? transitional epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

Myosatellite cells are found within __________ muscle. skeletal smooth skeletal and smooth cardiac

skeletal

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? cardiac smooth skeletal

skeletal

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? axon dendrites soma

soma

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as columnar. squamous. blasts. transitional. cuboidal.

squamous

Which epithelia is responsible for protection, secretion and absorption? Stratified cuboidal Simple cuboidal Stratified columnar Transitional

stratified cuboidal

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the deep fascia. dermis. subserous fascia. epidermis. superficial fascia

superficial fascia

Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except supporting muscle cells. absorption. controlling permeability. providing physical protection. producing specialized secretions.

supporting muscle cells

Which of the following membrane types lines joint capsules? mucous cutaneous synovial serous

synovial

All of the following are true of neurons, except that when mature, they lose the ability to divide. they are separated from one another by synapses. they conduct a nervous impulse. they are composed of a soma and axon. they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue