Chapter 4

a. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, regardless of whether another event occurs.

. Which of the following best describes the concept of marginal probability? a. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, regardless of whether another event occurs. b. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, given that another event has already occurred. c. It is a measure of the likelihood of the simultaneous occurrence of two or more events. d. None of the above.

c. 1.00

If two events are collectively exhaustive, what is the probability that one or the other occurs? a. 0.25 b. 0.50 c. 1.00 d. Cannot be determined from the information given.

d. mutually exclusive

Let A and B be the events of the FDA approving and rejecting a new drug to treat hypertension, respectively. The events A and B are: a. independent c. unilateral b. conditional d. mutually exclusive

a. lists all of the possible values of the random variable and their corresponding probabilities

A discrete probability distribution: a. lists all of the possible values of the random variable and their corresponding probabilities b. is a tool that can be used to incorporate uncertainty into models c. can be estimated from long-run proportions d. is the distribution of a single random variable

b. random variable

A function that associates a numerical value with each possible outcome of an uncertain event is called a a. conditional variable c. population variable b. random variable d. sample variable

d. Cannot be determined from the information given.

If two events are collectively exhaustive, what is the probability that both occur at the same time? a. 0.00 b. 0.50 c. 1.00 d. Cannot be determined from the information given.

c. cannot be larger than 0.30

If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.70, then P(B): a. can be any value between 0 and 1 b. can be any value between 0 and 0.70 c. cannot be larger than 0.30 d. Cannot be determined with the information given

b. independent

If P(A) = P(A|B), then events A and B are said to be a. mutually exclusive c. exhaustive b. independent d. complementary

a. 0.0

If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then the probability of both events occurring simultaneously is equal to a. 0.0 c. 1.0 b. 0.5 d. any value between 0.5 and 1.0

b. subjective probabilities

Probabilities that cannot be estimated from long-run relative frequencies of events are a. objective probabilities c. complementary probabilities b. subjective probabilities d. joint probabilities

b. conditional probabilities

The formal way to revise probabilities based on new information is to use: a. complementary probabilities c. unilateral probabilities b. conditional probabilities d. common sense probabilities

1

The probability of an event and the probability of its complement always sum to

d. All of these options are true.

Which of the following statements are true? a. Probabilities must be nonnegative b. Probabilities must be less than or equal to 1 c. The sum of all probabilities for a random variable must be equal to 1 d. All of these options are true.