Chapter 4

what are the trade offs associated with cities and urban areas?

cities offer many services and opportunities, and have a lower per ca-pita carbon footprint. but have high rates of crime and diseases and problems with waste and storm water

what is environmental justice and what common problem does it address?

environmental justice recognizes the right of everyone to a safe and healthy environment and a voice in policies that impact their environment. minorities and low income communities are likely to suffer environmental injustice.

what are "green cities"

green cities actively pursue sustainability through design and city services that improve quality of life while decreasing per ca-pita impact.

What is the value of urban green space?

green spaces improve the local environment, mental and physical health, and have been linked to decreased crime rates.

how and why have human population size and growth rate changed over time?

grew slow for most of humanity. recently growth rates set population past 7 billion. population stabilizing around 11 billion in 2100.

what is the demographic transition and why is it important?

helping low income countries develop economically may spur a demographic transition that could decrease population growth rates.

what factors affect human population growth?

high infant morality, lead to bigger desired families which causes high growth rate in undeveloped countries.

what is micro-lending how does micro-lending impact population growth?

micro lending is a way of giving out loans to poor people so they can start businesses and work.

How big is the human population today, and where do most of the people live?

more than 7.5 billion people, 60% live in just 10 countries most in china and India.

what determines earths carrying capacity for humans and can earth support the current or future human population.

resources and food are the necessities to determine the carrying capacity. Slowly getting harder for humans to live.

explain how socioeconomic and cultural factors either favor population growth or favor population decline.

socioeconomic is a measure of a persons work experience. it can determine how many people need help or are alright.

what environmental problems does suburban sprawl generate?

suburban sprawl displaces farmland and natural areas; residents often have a higher per ca-pita environmental impact that urban dwellers.

what is the pattern of global urbanization and mega-city growth in recent decades?

today, more people live in cities than rural areas. The number of magacities has greatly increased since 1950 and will continue to do so in the future

Explain how age structure diagrams can be a predictor of future population growth.

youthful populations have a great deal of population momentum and will continue to grow even if these young people reproduce at placement rates.