Chapter 4

Which headline would Pulitzer most likely have published with his new approach to reaching the common man?

"Labor Protester Gives Exclusive on Explosion at Local Factory!" Reason: Pulitzer offered light, sensationalistic news coverage.

Which of the following statements regarding print and online newspapers are true?

- A newspaper's size is now sometimes determined not by circulation but by monthly web traffic. - Online newspapers bring in less money per reader. - Newspapers have been unable to completely replace lost print ad revenue with digital ad revenue.

Which of the following are true regarding the success of online newspapers?

- Advertising revenue for online editions still lags behind print ad revenue. - Online newspapers have not yet boosted profits, but readership is high.

Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the New-England Courant, which the Franklin brothers ran?

- Despite being jailed for libel, James Franklin proved that a newspaper could challenge the government. - The Courant was the only newspaper in Boston publishing without government authority.

Which of the following are true of smartphone and tablet users in relation to the news?

- Facebook Instant Articles offers news articles specifically for mobile users. - Users can subscribe to a news aggregate, like Apple News, to see all stories in one app. - Users can purchase individual articles rather than full subscriptions.

Which of the following statements about paywalls are true?

- Metered systems allow access to a certain number of free stories before payment is required. - Many papers have strict paywalls, meaning readers only gain access after they have paid.

What have newspaper companies done to combat the loss of advertising dollars taken by the Internet?

- Most newspapers have added an online classified page to its printed editions. - Some newspapers have affiliated themselves with Internet companies. - Some newspapers have joined together to make CareerBuilder.com.

Which of the following were major effects that the penny press had on the field of journalism?

- Newspaper companies generated new income based on their advertising potential. - Newspapers became less concerned about business news and more about local news. - Newspaper coverage began to be designed to appeal to the masses.

Which of the following are reasons newspapers are attractive to advertisers as an advertising medium?

- Newspaper readers are likely to be more educated and have higher household incomes than nonreaders. - Newspapers are local. - Newspapers have a broad reach, with two-thirds of all Americans reading a paper in print or online every month.

Which of the following are important changes that resulted from the formation of wire services?

- Newspapers could deliver more news to immigrants about their homelands. - Wire services gave newspapers a wider range of coverage.

Which of the following are true of the disruptive transition electronic media have represented for newspapers?

- Newspapers faced similar challenges in the past and survived. - New media have led to changes in the relationship between newspapers and readers. - Newspapers must secure an identity for themselves in an increasingly crowded media environment.

Which of the following features are advantages of an online edition of a newspaper compared to a print edition?

- Online editions can be interactive, allowing community members to join chat rooms and blogs. - Online editions can offer readers archived data that can be searched for retrieval. - Online editions can offer readers more detail with stories that provide links to further information.

Why are newspapers financially burdened by adding a free Internet edition when it is produced so inexpensively?

- Readers stop buying print editions when they can get the content for free online. - Newspapers still need to print costly paper editions.

Which of the following are the primary challenges newspapers currently face?

- The Internet has negatively affected newspapers' classified advertising business. - The Internet has lured the desirable demographic of young people away from print editions.

Why is competition among newspapers declining?

- competing newspapers are going out of business - large newspaper companies are buying up smaller, competing newspapers

Which of the following issues emerged as the population grew and the 19th century came to an end?

- failing farms - labor tensions - growing slums

Which of the following Internet services directly challenge the newspaper industry's ability to make advertising dollars?

- free community websites, such as Craigslist - online classified advertising sites such as eBay - websites maintained by vendors and manufacturers

Although yellow journalism did not last, which of the following are elements of yellow journalism still seen even in today's best newspapers?

- large headlines - heavy use of pictures

Which of the following statements about competing newspapers is true in the 21st century?

Few cities can support more than one daily newspaper.

How can advertising help fix the financial problem of offering free online newspapers?

Free news attracts more readers, who in turn attract more advertising dollars.

Which of the following expressions best describes how newspapers have eventually come to respond to the Internet?

If you can't beat them, join them.

In which way are printed editions of newspapers more financially viable than online editions?

In terms of what advertisers will pay, print readers are worth more than online readers.

Which of the following best describes a paywall?

It permits access to online content only after the reader pays for it.

How did the British newspaper the London Gazette influence the first colonial newspapers?

Its mixture of official information, reports from other countries, and local news served as a model for colonial newspapers.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between minorities and mass-circulation newspapers in the 19th century?

Minority groups saw great value in mass-circulation papers because they were a way to unify large numbers of people.

Why have tablets, e-readers, and smartphones given the newspaper industry hope about its digital future?

More than 90% of U.S. adults get some of their news online.

How did England's political climate change the use of newspapers?

Newspapers became a partisan tool to show support for the English monarchy or the Parliament.

Why are newspapers such an important tool for advertisers?

Newspapers provide advertisers with a large number of readers with high disposable income in a localized setting.

Which of the following best explains why online newspapers are not as financially successful as print newspapers?

Online readers are not worth as much to advertisers as print readers.

How have modern-day readers changed in the newspaper-reader relationship?

People have more money and more time for other things.

Which statement best summarizes the First Amendment?

The First Amendment allows people to freely express their beliefs and opinions.

Which among the following has caused newspapers the most financial harm?

The Internet has taken away the newspaper industry's classified advertising business.

What are the two remaining U.S. national daily newspapers?

The Wall Street Journal and USA Today

What is the major difference between the two U.S. national dailies?

The Wall Street Journal focuses on business, and USA Today focuses on upbeat stories, sports, and illustrations.

Why is selling ad space on the front page considered evidence of hypercommercialism?

The front page has traditionally been reserved for the most important news.

Which of the following best explains the statement that Congress cannot abridge the freedom of the press?

The government cannot make laws that take away the right of newspapers to express themselves.

What was the difficulty with owning a newspaper subsidized by the government in colonial Boston?

The government could control the content of the paper.

True or false: The functions provided by a news service and a wire service are the same.

True

Which of the following best describes yellow journalism?

Yellow journalism emphasized large headlines, bright colors and pictures, and sensationalized stories.

Which of the following statements best describes the fundamental problem in readership faced by newspapers in the United States?

Younger newspaper readers are less and less likely to read a print newspaper.

A wire service is

a news-gathering association.

During American colonial times, a broadside was

a single-sheet announcement or account of events from England.

A news service (formerly known as a wire service)

collects news stories and distributes them to the members of the service.

The New York Morning Herald debuted the ______ system to ensure getting the best stories from around the country and the world.

correspondent

Which of the following refers to radical change in an industry that is caused by the introduction of a new technology or product?

disruptive transition

What types of information did the first colonial newspapers report?

foreign news, royal proclamations, shipping information, and reprints of articles from London

On what important type of newspaper coverage did Greeley's New York Tribune focus?

issues-oriented reporting

The "penny press" referred to a

newspaper written for all classes of people.

Hypercommercialism refers to a situation in which

newspapers give as much or more importance to advertising than to news. Reason: Hypercommercialism is the excessive use of advertising and emphasis on commercialism.

In the United States, which age group is the most likely to read the print newspaper?

over 54

Even while overall print circulation is falling, ________ brings 100 million people a day and 200 million a week in touch with newspaper content.

pass-along readership

In general, newspaper circulation continues to drop because

people do not spend as much time reading the newspaper.

The Chicago Defender newspaper influenced ex-slaves by

publishing stories about the abuse of ex-slaves in the South so that they would move north.

Pass-along readership refers to

readers who did not originally purchase the paper.

Newspapers today are in a period of disruptive transition as a result of

shifts in readership and technology that create opportunities as well as problems.

Following current trends, which of the following is likely to be essential for reading any form of news media over the next decade?

the Internet

What aspect should online city newspapers focus on that cannot be reached by another medium?

the local community

In addition to technology, which of the following is the principal factor contributing to the changes that newspapers face?

the readers

Newspapers initially provided free online editions because

they were trying to establish a strong readership.

Which of the following is the primary reason why some newspapers offer free online classified ads?

to attract more readers, because more readers attracts more paid advertisers