Chapter 4: Anatomy of Phonation

Top layer of vocal folds; assists in fluid retention, keeping them moist

epithelial layer

Space between aryepiglottic fold and thyroid cartilage; transit point for food and liquid

pyriform sinus

upper fibroelastic membranes (intrinsic laryngeal membranes)

quadrangular membranes aryepiglottic folds

Membranes and Ligaments that connect larynx to hyoid

Thyrohyoid Membrane, Lateral thyrohyoid ligament, Middle thyrohyoid ligament (possibly triticeal cartilage)

This cartilage articulates with the cricoid by means of paired processes that let it rock forward and backward at that joint.

Thyroid

Entry to the larynx from the pharynx above

aditus laryngis

___________________ __________ course from the side of the epiglottis to the arytenoid apex.

aryepiglottic folds

These paired cartilages ride on the high-backed upper surface of the cricoid cartilage.

arytenoid cartilages

What forms the posterior point of attachment for vocal folds?

arytenoid cartilages

paired laryngeal cartilages

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Membranous cover beneath the level of the vocal folds, continuous with vocal ligament and is thought to reduce airway resistance leading to glottis

clonus elasticus

lower fibroelastic membranes (intrinsic laryngeal membranes)

clonus elasticus and vocal ligament

Anterior extension of laryngeal ventricle, a pouch that secretes lubricating mucus into the laryngeal cavity

laryngeal saccule

Musculo-cartilaginous structure located at the top of the last ring of the trachea

larynx

Structure adjacent to cervical vertebrae 4-6

larynx

Attaches epiglottis to tongue

lateral and medial glossoepiglottic ligaments

Ligament that runs from superior cornu of thyroid to the posterior tip of the greater cornu of hyoid

lateral thyrohyoid ligament

The degree of force that may be applied by the vocal folds at their point of contact

medial compression

Anterior 3/5 glottis is ___________________ and Posterior 2/5 glottis is _______________. (material made of)

membranous; cartilaginous

Ligament running from the corpus hyoid to upper border of anterior thyroid

middle thyrohyoid ligament

Fifth layer of vocal folds; makes up bulk of the vocal folds

thyroarytenoid muscles (thyromuscularis and thyrovocalis)

Attaches epiglottis to inner thyroid cartilage

thyroepiglottic ligament

Membrane that stretches across the space between the greater cornu of hyoid and lateral thyroid

thyrohyoid membrane

Largest of the laryngeal cartilages

thyroid cartilage

The ___________ has 2 prominent laminae, superior and inferior horns, and a prominent thyroid notch

thyroid cartilage

unpaired laryngeal cartilages

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

The ______________ are found between the tongue and the epiglottis, within folds arising from lateral and medial ____________________ ligaments

valleculae, glossoepiglottic

The false vocal folds are made up of mucous membrane and ________________ ligament

vestibular ligament

Space between entryway (aditus) and ventricular/vestibular folds; first cavity of larynx

vestibule

membranes running from arytenoids to epiglottis and thyroid cartilage, forming the false vocal folds

quadrangular

triticeal cartilage

small cartilages in the thyrohyoid ligament, only present in 33% of pop.

Second layer of vocal folds; made up of elastin fibers; able to be extensively stretched

superfical lamina propria

Cartilage medial to the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage; Shaped like a leaf.

epiglottis

Protective structure that drops to cover orifice of larynx during swallowing.

epiglottis

The _____________ attaches the tongue and thyroid cartilage, dropping down to cover the larynx during swallowing.

epiglottis

Most important laryngeal space for speech, between the vocal folds

glottis

Runs from anterior to posterior commissure

glottis

Attaches epiglottis to corpus hyoid

hyoepiglottic ligament

Forms the union between the tongue and the laryngeal structure

hyoid

The __________ attaches to the superior cornu of hyoid, while _____________ attaches to the inferior horn via the cricothyroid joint

hyoid; cricoid

A complete ring resting atop the trachea, the most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages.

Cricoid Cartilage

Where do the cricoid and thyroid cartilages articulate?

Cricothyroid joint

Fourth layer of vocal folds, supportive layer comprised of collagen fibers. It is primarily supportive, and prevents extension.

Deep lamina propria

Third layer of vocal folds; made up of elastin fibers and collagen.

Intermediate lamina propria

Two layers that combine to make the vocal ligament

Intermediate lamina propria and Deep lamina propria

Ligaments that connect cartilages of the larynx and form the support structure for the cavity of the larynx, as well as the vocal folds.

Intrinsic laryngeal ligaments

Describe the movement of cartilages the cricothyroid joint allows.

It lets the cricoid and thyroid come closer together in the front

Middle space of larynx, between false and true vocal folds

Laryngeal Ventricle

The two parts of clonus elasticus

Lateral cricothyroid ligaments and Medial cricothyroid ligament

Funnel or cone shaped Continuous sheet of membrane connecting thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid

Clonus Elasticus

What cartilages are prominent landmarks for the aryepiglottic folds?

corniculate cartilages

What cartilages ride on the superior surface of each arytenoid?

corniculate cartilages

Only functionally mobile parts of larynx

cricothyroid joint, cricoarytenoid joint

Where the trachea attaches to larynx (ligament)

cricotracheal ligament

Cartilages imbedded in aryepiglottic folds

cuneiform

Cartilage that resides within the aryepiglottic folds, and provides a degree of rigidity.

cuneiform cartilage