Chapter 4 & 5 Quiz
The Black population is about 30% of the U.S. population 25% of the U.S. population 20.5% of the U.S. population 13.5% of the U.S. population
13.5% of the U.S. population
In a study on employment and earnings of native and immigrant Blacks and Whites, native and immigrant Blacks had different earnings. African-born Blacks had higher educational levels than native-born Blacks. immigrants with less education had lower employment rates than native-born Blacks. immigrants had higher earnings than native-born workers.
African-born Blacks had higher educational levels than native-born Blacks.
Which of the following statements about the education, employment, and/or earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true? The participation rate of Black women is projected to increase by 2018. Blacks with college degrees have similar employment levels and earnings as Whites with college degrees. Because of affirmative action, Blacks with college degrees are more likely to be employed and have higher earnings than Whites with college degrees. Black unemployment is higher than the unemployment of every other racial/ethnic group at the same educational level.
Black unemployment is higher than the unemployment of every other racial/ethnic group at the same educational level.
Regarding employment of Black women, because of their "double-minority" status, Black women are preferred by employers when compared with White women and Black men. Black women in the U.S. are less likely to work outside the home than women of any other racial or ethnic group. Black women who work for unionized firms earn more than Black women who work for non-unionized firms. Black women earn more than Black men.
Black women who work for unionized firms earn more than Black women who work for non-unionized firms.
In terms of race and ethnicity People who are White in race cannot be considered to be Hispanics since Hispanics are included in the "people of color" category. Latinos do not view their race as cultural but rather as physical. Confounding of race and ethnicity among Hispanics can create a double jeopardy, in which they experience discrimination based on skin color as well as ethnicity. Even if living in Mexico, Asians are not classified as Hispanic..
Confounding of race and ethnicity among Hispanics can create a double jeopardy, in which they experience discrimination based on skin color as well as ethnicity.
Which of the following statements about the education and earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true? Different educational levels between Blacks and Whites do not completely explain the Black/White earnings gap. Earnings and employment differences between Blacks and Whites are due to the lower educational attainment of Blacks. Returns to investments in education are similar across racial and ethnic groups and for women and men. Black women have higher educational levels and earnings than Black men.
Different educational levels between Blacks and Whites do not completely explain the Black/White earnings gap.
Regarding involuntary servitude in the United States: Africans were first sold in the United States around the time Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America (1492). During the same time that Africans were first sold in the U.S., Whites were also held as indentured servants. Involuntary servitude of Africans and Whites continued at the same rates through 1865. Involuntary servitude of all types has been confined to only certain southern states and not the north.
During the same time that Africans were first sold in the U.S., Whites were also held as indentured servants.
Which of the following statements is not true about sexual harassment of Black women? Early on Black women were likely to be overrepresented in cases of sexual harassment brought against organizations, but are not currently overrepresented. Companies have tolerated sexual harassment in some of these cases. Black (and other minority) women are especially likely to be subjected to racialized sexual harassment. Racialized harassment of Black women is likely rooted in the sexual abuse and powerlessness Black women endured as slaves.
Early on Black women were likely to be overrepresented in cases of sexual harassment brought against organizations, but are not currently overrepresented.
About 35% of the Hispanic individuals living in the U.S. were born in the U.S. T or F?
F
Access discrimination occurs when people are employed, but treated differently after employment. T or F?
F
Aversive racism continues to affect Black applicants and employees but not customers. T or F?
F
Because Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, those born there can apply for and receive expedited U.S. citizenship. T or F?
F
Black women are less likely to be participating in the workforce than White women are. T or F?
F
Employers who express preferences for Hispanic immigrant workers, tend to pay more than those employers who do not express such preferences. T or F?
F
Evidence suggests that employers need to attend more to access discrimination because there is little treatment discrimination in organizations. T or F?
F
For those with a high school diploma, the mean earnings of Hispanic men are lower than those of other men with the exception of Black men. T or F?
F
Hispanics now comprise about 25% of the U.S. population. T or F?
F
If they prefer to do so, it is generally legal for employers to require employees to speak English at all times while at work. T or F?
F
Inter-ethnic employment discrimination is defined as discrimination between Whites and non-White racial and ethnic groups. T or F?
F
Researchers estimate that about 35% of business establishments have no minority workers. T or F?
F
The Hispanic market has become of less interest to firms due its decline. It has gone from 1.3 trillion dollars in the year 2000 to 504 billion in 2014. T or F?
F
Underemployment refers to when very few minorities are able to find a job. T or F?
F
When Black parents engage in racial socialization, they usually decrease the ability of their Black children to handle discrimination in an effective manner. T or F?
F
When access discrimination occurs, its targets are likely to be aware that it has occurred. T or F?
F
In the Central Station Casino case about English-only rules Hispanic workers were allowed to speak Spanish during lunch periods. Hispanic employees were harassed for speaking Spanish. the HR Director recommended that Hispanic workers could speak Spanish during breaks. the HR Director recommended that managers not discipline Hispanic workers who spoke Spanish at work.
Hispanic employees were harassed for speaking Spanish.
Which of the following statements is true about Hispanic women at work? Hispanic women earn about 85% of what Hispanic men earn. Hispanic women tend to work in female-dominated positions with other women of color. Hispanic women have higher workforce participation rates than Black women. Hispanic women have higher workforce participation rates than non-Hispanic White women.
Hispanic women tend to work in female-dominated positions with other women of color.
In terms of marketing to Latinos, in the Hispanic Opinion Tracker study, Latinos prefer to use credit instead of cash for their purchases. Latinos were found to spend less than other customers. Hispanics were more likely to report stronger enthusiasm about shopping than other survey participants. Hispanic marketing is not worth the effort due to their poverty.
Hispanics were more likely to report stronger enthusiasm about shopping than other survey participants.
In terms of the educational attainment of Latinos, Similar proportions of Blacks and Hispanics have completed high school. Hispanics whose origins are Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban, respectively, have the most to least education. Lower education levels of Cubans, compared with Mexican Americans, contribute to lower wages of Cubans. More Cuban Americans have at least a college degree than Mexican Americans.
More Cuban Americans have at least a college degree than Mexican Americans.
Glass ceilings and glass walls are likely to be strengthened by all of the practices below except: Assigning less challenging work to minorities. Minimizing constructive feedback to women and minorities to avoid being seen as racist. Providing mentoring opportunities for women and minorities to take on positions involved with finance. Assigning minorities to minority neighborhoods and clients so they can establish better connections.
Providing mentoring opportunities for women and minorities to take on positions involved with finance.
In terms of access and treatment discrimination, which of the following is true of Hispanics? Unlike African Americans, Hispanics do not experience much access discrimination. Hispanics experience access discrimination, but almost no treatment discrimination. Hispanics experience treatment discrimination, but almost no access discrimination. Research has shown clear patterns of access and treatment discrimination against Hispanics.
Research has shown clear patterns of access and treatment discrimination against Hispanics.
. Hispanic men participate in the workforce at higher rates than non-Hispanic White men. T or F?
T
About 8% of the foreign-born population in the U.S. is Black and these immigrants Blacks are often perceived to be native born. T or F?
T
As Whites are more likely to be managers than Blacks, the similarity effect tends to advantage White employees. T or F?
T
At times, "separate but equal" schools were required for Mexican children in the U.S. T or F?
T
Blacks who are high school graduates are about twice as likely to be unemployed as White high school graduates. T or F?
T
Compared to many other nations, the monolingualism of the majority of the U.S. population is uncommon. T or F?
T
Hispanic education levels differ by country of origin. T or F?
T
Hispanic men participate in the workforce at higher rates than non-Hispanic White men. T or F?
T
Hispanics are diverse in education, language fluency, background, and experiences. T or F?
T
Hispanics are underrepresented in managerial and professional occupations relative to their representation in the U.S. population. T or F?
T
Hispanics can be White, Black, Asian, or other races. T or F?
T
Lack of job autonomy and advancement at work have been associated with stress and high blood pressure for Blacks. T or F?
T
Legally sanctioned (or mandated) discrimination and segregation persisted for decades after the end of slavery. T or F?
T
On some military bases in the South, Black soldiers had to drink from separate water fountains for "colored" people while White soldiers and German prisoners of war drank from the fountains for Whites. T or F?
T
One reason why employers might assist Hispanics in learning English is that they often have dangerous jobs. T or F?
T
Proof of police misconduct (that included framing defendants) resulted in freedom for 100 defendants. T or F?
T
Racial profiling by police occurs against Latinos, Blacks, Asians, and others of color in the U.S. T or F?
T
Removing name and sex-identifying information from resumes may be helpful in reducing discrimination. T or F?
T
The U.S. government helped Cubans who came to the U.S. through assistance with retraining, scholarships, and business loans. T or F?
T
The earliest known ancestors of Mexican Americans arrived in what is now the U.S. long before European Americans. T or F?
T
The first U.S. Federal law regarding the citizenship of immigrants allowed only White men to become citizens. T or F?
T
The proportion of Hispanics in the U.S. has grown rapidly as the result of higher Hispanic immigration and birth rates when compared with other groups. T or F?
T
Underemployment can affect the quality of a person's future employment. T or F?
T
When bilingual employees are called upon to assist monolingual employees with their work tasks, this may reduce bilingual employees' work effectiveness. T or F?
T
"New racism" describes beliefs that racism is a thing of the present and future regardless of what is done. occurs when those who demonstrate overt racism use excuses to discriminate. was refuted in research studies when unqualified Blacks were chosen over qualified Whites. The belief that Blacks have attained excessive, unfair gains through programs such as affirmative action.
The belief that Blacks have attained excessive, unfair gains through programs such as affirmative action.
Which of the following is true of Latinos in the U.S.? Hispanics of Mexican, Central American, and South American origin each comprise about 30% of the U.S. population of Hispanics. Eighty percent of Latinos in the U.S. live in California and Texas. The populations of California and Texas are now about 60% Hispanic. The majority of Hispanics in the U.S. are of Mexican origin.
The majority of Hispanics in the U.S. are of Mexican origin.
Which of the following is not true of bilingualism? Organizations should provide incentives and opportunities for managers to learn Spanish. Being bilingual may be a job-related compensable skill. High turnover in certain industries makes having managers who speak Spanish more effective than ESL classes. Training managers to speak Spanish is expensive and counter-productive for employers.
Training managers to speak Spanish is expensive and counter-productive for employers.
Which of the following is true of the Black population? Blacks have a slightly lower birthrate than Whites. A younger population means a lower proportion of Blacks will enter the workforce in the future. Underutilization of Blacks' skills at work contributes to their illness and early death. Both Black birthrate and Black proportion for the workforce is expected to remain unchanged far into the future.
Underutilization of Blacks' skills at work contributes to their illness and early death.
Hispanic women due to strong cultural traditions, are more likely to be unemployed than employed. work outside the home at about the same rates as Black women. are more likely to experience employment hardship than non-Hispanic White women. tend to work in male-dominated positions.
are more likely to experience employment hardship than non-Hispanic White women.
Hispanic immigrants have low employment rates because of their low educational levels. are sometimes exploited by employers due to their immigrant status. prefer and obtain high wage jobs because they are bilingual. are not protected from employment discrimination.
are sometimes exploited by employers due to their immigrant status.
Differences in deferred adjudication rates discussed in the Florida State study can negatively affect the ability of Latinos and Blacks to obtain employment when compared with Whites. did not remain after controlling for differences in the circumstances of the accused and cases. were less likely to occur with drug and violent crime cases. can decrease the likelihood that Blacks and Hispanics will have a felony conviction record.
can negatively affect the ability of Latinos and Blacks to obtain employment when compared with Whites.
Differences in Black/White accumulation of wealth are not influenced by differences in inheritance. effects of discrimination which limits the ability of Blacks to acquire and thus pass on wealth. compulsory mortgage loan approvals credit-worthy Blacks. racial segregation of neighborhoods.
compulsory mortgage loan approvals credit-worthy Blacks.
Providing language assistance to employees angers customers who are not Hispanic. helps only Spanish speaking employees and is resented by others. does nothing to improve employee relations. contributes to employee safety.
contributes to employee safety.
Regarding low status and low skilled workers, employers are not required to provide minimum wages or overtime to such workers. fair treatment may translate into recruiting, retention, and productivity gains. stated preferences for certain workers are never preferences for workers who are more likely to accept low wages and poor treatment. little can be done to improve their work lives.
fair treatment may translate into recruiting, retention, and productivity gains.
Discrimination against customers is a thing of the past; organizations no longer practice this costly behavior. can be avoided by profiling only "typical" shoplifters. has negative effects on organizations' ability to market to diverse customer groups. ironically can result in patronization from more desirable customers.
has negative effects on organizations' ability to market to diverse customer groups.
In empirical research on access to employment, researchers found that applicants with "Black-sounding" names were three times less likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names. applicants with "White-sounding" names were two times more likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names. having higher quality resumes did not increase the number of callbacks for Black applicants. having a "White-sounding" name was equivalent to adding a college degree and an MBA to a person's qualifications.
having higher quality resumes did not increase the number of callbacks for Black applicants.
Glass walls are vertical barriers that prevent people from progressing beyond a certain level in an organization. real barriers that prevent women and minorities people from entering staff instead of line positions. barriers that prevent Whites and men from entering line instead of staff positions. horizontal barriers that confine minorities and women to certain positions within organizations.
horizontal barriers that confine minorities and women to certain positions within organizations.
The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was less successful than the movement of the 1930s and 1940s. primarily occurred in the North. had no assistance from Jewish allies. included lunch counter sit-ins that college students organized.
included lunch counter sit-ins that college students organized.
In investigating Hispanic representation in managerial and professional occupations, researchers found Hispanics are equally represented in management and professional occupations relative to their representation in the U.S. population. Hispanics are over-represented in management and professional occupations relative to their representation in the U.S. population. language proficiency is one of the strongest predictors of working in a managerial or professional job for Hispanics and Whites. education level has little influence on whether Hispanics are represented in managerial or professional jobs.
language proficiency is one of the strongest predictors of working in a managerial or professional job for Hispanics and Whites.
Racial profiling and customer abuse and mistreatment partly result from poor management practices and lack of supervision. are practices that all organizations avoid in order to attract customers. will not result in negative publicity against organizations due to media bias. are unfounded accusations from people who are part of activist organizations.
partly result from poor management practices and lack of supervision.
In a study of car pricing, researchers found race and sex were related to initial offer prices and to the final prices offered testers. White men's initial offers were higher but final prices were lower than other testers. White women were offered lower prices than all other groups. strong consumer advocacy has reduced bias in car pricing.
race and sex were related to initial offer prices and to the final prices offered testers.
Harry Holzer's research investigating the relationships between firm size and employment hiring practices indicates that: large companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than small companies. small companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than larger companies do. small and large companies employ about the same percentages of Black employees. larger firms are less likely to have formal hiring practices than smaller firms.
small companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than larger companies do.
In the Walmart case involving immigrant labor, the U.S. government alleged that Walmart knowingly hired illegal immigrants from Mexico, Eastern Europe, and other countries. several Walmart stores were permanently closed as a result. Walmart settled the case and thus experienced a large financial loss for the year. Walmart was used as an example of fairness and compliance with both the letter and spirit of the law regarding immigrants.
the U.S. government alleged that Walmart knowingly hired illegal immigrants from Mexico, Eastern Europe, and other countries.
In research involving matched pairs of Black and White applicant testers to investigate the effects of having a criminal record on job search outcomes, the negative effect of having a criminal record on employment opportunities was 40% larger for Blacks than for Whites. Blacks with a criminal record received no callbacks. more than half of Whites with a criminal record were called back for interviews. neither Black nor White applicants with criminal records were called back for interviews.
the negative effect of having a criminal record on employment opportunities was 40% larger for Blacks than for Whites.
Repatriation of people of Mexican descent between 1929 and 1939 included only those living in the U.S. illegally. was part of an effort to free up jobs during the Depression era. was strictly voluntary. provided those being repatriated sufficient time to prepare.
was part of an effort to free up jobs during the Depression era.
Employers may require English-only rules when necessary for communications with customers who only speak English. to satisfy coworkers who do not wish to hear other languages being spoken. to force employees to learn English. when employers wish to monitor employees' conversations while on breaks.
when necessary for communications with customers who only speak English.
