Chapter 4 Behavioral Approach

The behavioral approach lends itself well to leadership training programs.

True

The behavioral approach was a breakthrough in leadership research because it broadened the scope from who leaders are to what leaders do.

True

production orientation

leadership behaviors that stress the technical and production aspects of a job.

Paternalism/Maternalism

refers to a leader who is both 1,9 and 9,1 styles but does not integrate the two 'benevolent dictator" who acts graciously but does so for the purpose of goal accomplishment. *treats people as though they are dissociate from the task. -"fathers" and "mothers" of an org "family" -make most of the decisions -reward loyalty and obedience while punishing non compliance

employee orientation

the behavior of leaders who approach followers with a strong human relations emphasis.

Country-Club Management

thoughtful attention to the needs of the people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo. (1,9)

opportunism

uses any of the basic five styles for personal advancement -ruthless, cunning, self-motivated

Team management

work accomplishment is from committed people. interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads to relationship of trust and respect.

Middle-of-the-road management

adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get work out while maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level.

Task behaviors ______.

are results and production oriented

University of Michigan

called leadership behaviors: production oriented and employee oriented.

Blake and Mouton

developed a practical model for training managers that described leadership behaviors along a grid with two axes: -concern for results -concern for people

Authority compliance management

efficiency in operation results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree. (9,1)

consideration

essentially relationship behaviors and include, building camaderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers.

initiating structure

essentially task behaviors, including organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining role responsibilities, and scheduling work activities.

impoverished management

exertion of minimum effort to get required work done as appropriate to sustain organization membership

Behavioral Approach

focuses on what leaders do rather than who leaders are -emphasizes the behavior of a leader

central focus of behavioral approach

how leaders combine these two types of behaviors to influence others

Ohio State

-developed a Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire -identified initiation of structure and consideration as the core leadership behaviors

5 major leadership styles form the Blake and Mouton Grid

1) authority-compliance (9,1) 2)country club management (1,9) 3)impoverished management (1,1) 4)middle of the road management (5,5) 5)team management (9,9)

weaknesses

1) researchers have not been able to associate behaviors of leaders (task and relationship) with outcomes such as morale, job satisfaction, and productivity 2)does not support fully the idea that the most effective leadership style is a high-high style (high task and high relationship)

3 Lines of Research from where the Behavioral Approach originated

1)Ohio State Studies 2)University of Michigan Studies 3)Blake and Mouton on the Managerial Grid

strengths

1)broadened the scope of leadership research to include the study of the behaviors of leaders rather than only heir personal traits and characteristics. 2)supported by a wide range of studies 3)underscores the importance of the two core dimensions of leadership behavior: task and relationship. 4)map is useful of understanding our own leadership behaviors

leaders engage in two primary types of behavior

1)task behaviors 2)relationship behaviors

I am a barista at a local coffee shop. My supervisor assigns tasks each work shift and checks back regularly with me to see that work has been done. I am disappointed that she does not seem interested in me as a person. My supervisor's behavior would plot on the Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid at what point?

9,1

Initiating structure

A task-oriented behavior that facilitates goal accomplishment by helping group members achieve their objectives (Stogdill, 1974)

Which scholars created the Leadership Grid?

Blake and Mouton

In the Leadership Grid, the 1, 9 type of leader prefers the middle ground and swallows convictions in the interest of progress.

False

The behavioral approach is a complex theory that provides a neatly organized set of prescriptions.

False

Which of the components on Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid has low concern for interpersonal relationships and low concern for task accomplishment?

Impoverished

In the Ohio State studies, organizing work, defining role responsibilities, and scheduling work activities were defined as ______.

Initiating structure behaviors

______ leaders treat people as if they have nothing to do with the task. They make most of the decisions in the organization and reward loyalty and punish non-compliance.

Maternal

A leader who tries to meet the personal and social needs of followers while making sure most of the tasks are getting done is displaying ______.

Middle-of-the-road behaviors

A leader who uses compromising behaviors is displaying ______.

Middle-of-the-road behaviors

Della's boss John is unpredictable. John changes his behavior toward followers in order to gain personal advantage. He seems to care more about his image than the company's goals. John's style can best be characterized as ______.

Opportunism

Jeremy relates well on a personal basis with the team members he supervises. He is employing ______.

Relationship behaviors

Which point on the Leadership Grid is proven to consistently be the best form of leadership?

There is no best style