Chapter 4

In simple terms, sucrase _______. A. breaks sucrose into hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms B. joins glucose and fructose together to form sucrose C. forms a disaccharide from a monosaccharide D. breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

D. breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

What organ produces bile? A. pancreas B. liver C. stomach D. small intestine

B. liver

Based on this information, Adrian probably has _______. A. Crohn's disease B. irritable bowel syndrome C. a peptic ulcer D. a blocked bile duct

C. a peptic ulcer

Connect the gastrointestinal problem to the symptoms and/or definition by which it can be identified. Problem: ∙ Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ∙ Constipation ∙ Peptic ulcer ∙ Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Symptoms: ∙ infrequent or difficult to eliminate bowel movements ∙ deep, dull upper abdominal pain ∙ abdominal cramps, loose stools, mucus in stools ∙ burning pain in the upper chest area

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ∙ abdominal cramps, loose stools, mucus in stools Constipation ∙ infrequent or difficult to eliminate bowel movements Peptic ulcer ∙ deep, dull upper abdominal pain Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ∙ burning pain in the upper chest area

Name and locate each part of the typical human cell.

Nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm, mitochondrion

Health-related conditions that affect the digestive system can cause problems for the rest of the body. Match each of the possible outcomes with the condition that is most likely to be the cause of the outcome. Health-related outcomes: ∙ Poor fat digestion ∙ Overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the stomach tract ∙ Inability to store many nutrients ∙ Frequent choking on food Likely causes: ∙ lack of hydrochloric acid production ∙ excess urine formation ∙ gallstone formation ∙ liver cancer ∙ loss of teeth ∙ lung congestion

Poor fat digestion ∙ gallstone formation Overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the stomach tract ∙ lack of hydrochloric acid production Inability to store many nutrients ∙ liver cancer Frequent choking on food ∙ loss of teeth

True or false? People who have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more likely to develop colorectal cancer than people who do not have the syndrome.

True

Chemists measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in a watery solution by using the pH scale. Put the items in order of most acidic (1) to least acidic/most basic (4). ∙ lemon juice ∙ tomatoes ∙ milk ∙ baking soda

1. lemon juice 2. tomatoes 3. milk 4. baking soda

The digestive system relies on many organs to digest food, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminate solid wastes. Arrange the primary organs of the digestive system in the order that they function for digestion, absorption, and elimination. ∙ rectum ∙ liver ∙ mouth and salivary glands ∙ colon ∙ pancreas ∙ small intestine ∙ stomach

1. mouth and salivary glands 2. stomach 3. small intestine 4. colon 5. rectum

A person experiencing constipation should consider adding more _______ to his/her diet. A. fat B. fiber C. milk D. sodium

B. fiber

How does sucrose change the configuration (shape) of sucrase? A. by forcing it to fall apart when under pressure B. by changing the pH of the solvent C. by binding to the active site of the enzyme D. by competing for hydrolytic energy when they collide

C. by binding to the active site of the enzyme

The presence of ______ stimulates a reflex that facilitates the elimination of solid wastes from the body. A. chyme in the duodenum B. saliva in the mouth C. feces in the rectum D. food in the stomach

C. feces in the rectum

Your friend suffers from a disorder in which stomach acid damages the lining of her esophagus. What signs or symptoms is your friend probably experiencing? A. constipation B. excessive thirst C. frequent heartburn D. rectal itching

C. frequent heartburn

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the _______. A. esophagus B. large intestine C. small intestine D. stomach

C. small intestine

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the _______. A. esophagus B. large intestine C. stomach D. small intestine

C. stomach

_____ are associated with high risk of dehydration. A. GERD and heartburn B. constipation and peptic ulcers C. vomiting and diarrhea D. heartburn and IBS

C. vomiting and diarrhea

The digestive system relies on many organs and organ components to digest food and absorb nutrients from food. Arrange the digestive organs and organ components in the order that they function for digestion and absorption. ∙ stomach ∙ pyloric sphincter ∙ duodenum ∙ jejunum ∙ ileum

1. stomach 2. pyloric sphincter 3. duodenum 4. jejunum 5. ileum

Involuntary muscle contractions that move swallowed material through the gastrointestinal tract are called _______. A. peristalsis B. defecation C. chyme D. mastication

A. peristalsis

Now that you know what condition Adrian is experiencing, identify the most probable cause of his intestinal problem. A. stomach infection (H. pylori) B. ingestion of toxic substances C. hemorrhoids D. insufficient intake of fiber

A. stomach infection (H. pylori)

All of the following stimulate the secretion of HCI in the stomach EXCEPT _______. A. the presence of iron in food B. the taste of food C. the smell of food D. the distention of the stomach as it fills with food

A. the presence of iron in food

As part of Adrian's treatment for the intestinal problem, his doctor recommends that Adrian _______. A. reduce fiber intake B. avoid eating any food for 24 to 48 hours C. take NSAIDS to relieve stomach discomfort D. avoid consuming alcohol

D. avoid consuming alcohol

Where is sucrase found in the human body? A. in the liver B. on surface of the gastric lining C. in the pancreas D. in the microvilli of the small intestine

D. in the microvilli of the small intestine

The treatment of _____ is likely to involve an elimination diet. A. chronic constipation B. pylori infection C. peptic ulcers D. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

D. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

How often can a sucrase enzyme be used to hydrolyze sucrose? A. once B. twice C. never, because sucrose cannot be hydrolyzed D. many times

D. many times