Chapter 4 Homework

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen. A) (1) sectioning, (2) fixation, (3) staining B) (1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining C) (1) fixation, (2) staining, (3) sectioning D) (1) staining, (2) fixation, (3) sectioning E) (1) sectioning, (2) staining, (3) fixation

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

All muscle cells contain striations. A) True B) False

False

Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area of absorption. A) True B) False

False

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall. A) Excess serous fluid would quickly accumulate in the newly formed space. B) Only the parietal membrane would continue producing serous fluid. C) Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse. D) The lung would get much larger than normal when inhaling air.

Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

Which of the following is an example of pseudo stratified epithelium? A) lining of the trachea B) endocrine glands C) lung alveoli D) kidney tubules

lining of the trachea

which survival need shortage would most affect articular cartilage's ability to rebound after joint compression, and why does it have this effect? A) Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces. B) Oxygen, since cartilage cells receive this gas directly from nearby blood vessels. C) Nutrients, since the majority of cartilage is made out of polysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). D) Normal body temperature, since higher temperatures would slow down necessary biochemical reactions.

Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces.

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type? A) connective tissue proper; chondroblast B) cartilage; fibroblast C) bone; osteoblast D) bone, fibrocyte

bone; osteoblast

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? A) smooth B) skeletal C) cardiac

cardiac

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? A) epithelial tissue, bones, and areolar connective tissue? B) nervous tissue and smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord D) cardiac and smooth muscle

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue? A) creates linings B) highly branched cells C) used for support and insulation D) transmits electrical impulses

creates linings

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? A) cutaneous membrane B) synovial membrane C) mucous membrane D) serous membrane

cutaneous membrane

Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland? A) alveolar glands B) simple glands C) hormone glands D) tubular glands

hormone glands

What is the ground substance in typical connective tissue matrix? A) interstitial fluid, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion proteins B) collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers C) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and mesenchyme cells D) dissolved bone salts

interstitial fluid, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion proteins

Which of the following glands might utilize the secretory mechanism and duct structure shown in A? A) sebaceous B) thyroid C) mucous D) pancreas

pancreas

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? A) simple columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) transitional epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B? A) the use of epithelial cells to produce products B) the use of a duct C) the direct secretion of products into the blood D) the method of secretion

the method of secretion

What is the function of ciliated epithelium? A) to absorb materials from the extracellular environment B) to protect the underlying tissues C) to move the epithelial cells from one area of the body to another D) to move fluids across the tissue surface

to move fluids across the tissue surface

Why is blood classified as a connective tissue? A) Blood helps to connect body parts together. B) Since all connective tissues are highly vascularized, blood is included as a connective tissue. C) Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. D) Blood tissue contains a matrix that is very similar to that of other types of connective tissues.

Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell.

Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts an interaction between two separate cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D

D

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? A) absorption B) transport C) insulation D) support

absorption

You observe a uniform tissue under a microscope. There is no lumen. The material looks densely packed, but you do not observe many nuclei. It appears that there are strands of fibers running in parallel directions. What type of tissue are you looking at? A) muscle tissue B) epithelial tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue

connective tissue

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers? A) connective tissues high in collagen fibers B) connective tissue high in ground substance C) connective tissue high in reticular fibers D) connective tissue high in elastic fibers

connective tissues high in collagen fibers

A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. Which type of tissue is being studied? A) areolar connective tissue B) dense regular fibrous connective tissue C) adipose connective tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue

dense regular fibrous connective tissue

Based on its function, where would you likely find simple squamous epithelium? A) along the digestive tract B) in places where materials need to pass through a thin sheet of cells C) on the surface of the skin D) in the places that experience abrasion or friction

in places where materials need to pass through a thin sheet of cells

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired? A) muscle; endoderm B) connective tissue; mesoderm C) nervous tissue; ectoderm D) epithelium; endoderm and ectoderm

muscle; endoderm

Which of the following characteristics is lacking in the typical areolar connective tissue pictured in the figure? 1) ability to support other tissues 2) elastic properties 3) ground substance 4) vascularity 5) none of these characteristics is lacking

none of these characteristics is lacking

Epithelial tissue is typically localized to the following region(s) of the body. A) between other layers of tissue in many of the organs of the body B) on the surfaces of organs, on the walls of cavities, on the outer surface of the body, and in glands of the body C) only on the inner surfaces of body cavities D) only on the outermost surface of an organ

on the surfaces of organs, on the walls of cavities, on the outer surface of the body, and in glands of the body

What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection? A) synthesis of protein fibers used to rebuild damaged tissue B) phagocytosis of foreign materials C) secretion of chemicals that trigger inflammation D) differentiation to form red blood cells

phagocytosis of foreign materials

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? A) stratified squamous epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? A) smooth B) skeletal C) cardiac

skeletal

Marfan's syndrome is a disease associated with faulty manufacture of the extracellular protein fibrillin. Since this is a component of elastin, in which of the numbered cells would the damaged gene be expressed? 1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5

2

What numbered cell type initiates inflammatory responses to infection or tissue damage? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

5

What do the glands shown in A and B have in common? A) Both are exocrine glands. B) Both are sebaceous glands. C) Both are unicellular. D) Both are endocrine glands.

Both are exocrine glands.

Which description best identifies the unique attributes of connective tissue? A) Connective tissues transmit signals from one part of the body to another. B) Connective tissues, unlike other tissues, lack blood vessels and blood. C) Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix. D) Connective tissues are hard and inflexible, whereas soft, flexible structures of the body are made up of other tissue types.

Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? A) Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. B) Epithelial tissue is innervated C) Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. D) Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.

Epithelial tissue is innervated

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) Stratified squamous epithelial are found in areas subjected to wear and tear. B) Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch. C) Simple squamous epithelia are associated with filtration and exchange. D) Simple columnar epithelia are associated with absorption and secretion.

Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. A) True B) False

True

What process is depicted in the basal layer of the glandular epithelium shown in B? A) exocytosis B) cell division C) cell fragmentation D) endocytosis

cell division

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? A) nervous tissue B) epithelial tissue C) muscle tissue D) connective tissue

epithelial tissue

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular? A) epithelium B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle

epithelium

What process is indicated by C? A) exocytosis of secretory proteins B) exocytosis of ribosomes from the cell C) digestion of food particles D) exocytosis of RNA from the cell

exocytosis of secretory proteins

Which of these terms applies best to all material in this tissue that is not cellular? 1) extracellular matrix 2) interstitial fluid 3) ground substance 4) mesenchyme

extracellular matrix

Which property is most consistent in the majority of connective tissues? A) large number of connective fibers B) greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content C) large amounts of ground substance D) avascularity

greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content

The nucleolus __________. A) is a dark-staining spherical body found within the mitochondria B) is the site of lipid production in a cell C) is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell D) is the primary site of protein synthesis

is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell

Smooth muscle __________. A) has striations B) is under involuntary control C) contains intercalated discs D) has long, cylindrical cells

is under involuntary control

Which of the following substances would NOT be found in significant amounts in the extracellular matrix of the illustrated areolar connective tissue? A) elation B) keratin C) proteoglycan D) collagen

keratin

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified? A) type of secretion B) location C) shape of the cells D) number of cell layers

location

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing? A) dense regular connective tissue B) osseous tissue C) dense irregular connective tissue D) skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? A) axon B) soma C) dendrites

soma

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? A) stratified squamous epithelium B) simple columnar epithelium C) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? A) simple squamous epithelium; filtration B) simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption C) stratified squamous epithelium; absorption D) simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion

stratified squamous epithelium; absorption