Chapter 4 Intl Mgmt

In the context of integrating the dimensions of culture, which of the following are very useful in depicting what countries appear similar in values and to what extent they differ from other country groupings?

Cluster distribution

___can be defined as acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior.

Culture

Which of the following is a characteristic of culture?

Culture has structure.

According to Hofstede's time orientation dimension, which of the following statements is true about long-term-oriented societies?

Family life is guided by shared tasks

is the term used by Hofstede to describe "a situation in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life."

Femininity

Culturally, an American can be expected to have a ____ handshake.

Firm

Which of the following is an important organizational value in Japan?

Group orientation

Which of the following fundamental questions is not included in the specific objectives of the GLOBE project?

How do attributes of societal and organizational cultures affect the behaviors of lower-level workers in an organization?

Which of the following dimensions measures the freedom to satisfy one's natural needs and desires within a society?

Indulgence versus restraint

Paternalism, measured by a manager's involvement in both personal and off-the-job problems of subordinates is very important in

Japan

is the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied.

Particularism

Which of the following statements is true about restrained societies?

People experience a perception of helplessness.

Which of the following statements is true about cultures with high communitarianism?

People jointly assume responsibility.

In the context of how people deal with the concept of time, which of the following statements is true about the sequential approach identified by Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars?

People tend to do only one activity at a time.

Confucianism, associated with China, does not emphasize:

Profit

According to the GLOBE Cultural Variable Results, which of the following countries were the most assertive?

Spain and the United States

Which of the following statements is true about stateside Japanese managers?

They believed that job security was important.

In the context of the dimensions of culture examined by Geert Hofstede, which of the following was an additional dimension that was identified in 1988?

Time orientation

is the extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have. created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these.

Uncertainty avoidance

_____are basic convictions that people have regarding what is right and wrong, good and bad, and important or unimportant.

Values

A(n) ____culture is one in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions.

achievement

A(n) ___ culture accords status based on age, gender, or social connections.

ascription

According to most scholars of culture, culture is:

based on the human capacity to symbolize.

When depicting cultural diversity through visually separating its components by using concentric circles, the inner circle:

contains the implicit, basic assumptions that govern behavior.

A(n) ___ culture is one in which both public and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.

diffuse

According to the priorities of cultural values of the United States, Japan, and Arab countries, the most important cultural value in the United States is

freedom

According to Geert Hofstede's dimensions of culture, when compared with organizations high-power-distance countries, organizations in low-power-distance countries

generally, are decentralized and have flatter organization structures

A diffuse culture is one in which individuals:

guard their public space carefully.

Hofstede's _____ dimension focused on the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family rather than the tendency to belong to groups to look after each other in exchange for loyalty.

individualism

According to Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars, ___ refers to people regarding themselves as individuals, while ____ refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group.

individualism; communitarianism

Nations that are collectivist in their approach tend to be characterized by:

large power distance and low individualism.

According to Hofstede, countries with a high encourage individuals to be independent decision makers and to define achievement in terms of recognition and wealth.

masculinity index

Low-uncertainty-avoidance societies have organization settings with:

more ambitious employees.

A(n) ___ culture is one in which emotions are held in check.

neutral

Societal collectivism refers to the degree to which:

organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action.

An achievement culture is one in which people are accorded status based on their

performance

According to Geert Hofstede's dimensions of culture, cultures with a low masculinity

place greater importance on conservation of the environment than other cultures

Countries in which people blindly obey the orders of their superiors have a high

power distance

According to Dutch researcher Geert Hofstede, there are four original dimensions of culture. These are:

power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity.

managers working for Japanese When examining the effects of the U.S. environment on the cultural values of Japanese firms in the United States, researchers found that these managers:

supported the concept of formal authority.

According to Geert Hofstede's dimensions of culture, individuals living in countries that show a high indulgence index

tend to live in the moment

The three completed GLOBE phases explore the various elements of the dynamic relationship between ___ and ___

the culture; organizational behavior

Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars's discussion of the dimension ____ of explores whether people believe in controlling outcomes (inner-directed) or letting things take their own course (outer-directed).

the environment

Cultures with low _____ have people who are more willing to accept that risks are associated with the unknown and that life must go on in spite of this.

uncertainty avoidance

In his early research, Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars, found that in countries such as the United States, Australia, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom, there was high

universalism