Chapter 4 Mastering Biology (Unit 1)

The structure of a chloroplast is closely tied to its function as the site of photosynthesis. Diagram showing chloroplast structure. Some of the following statements are true for chloroplasts; others are true for mitochondria. Which statements are true for chloroplasts? Select the three that apply.

- They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. - They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma. - They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through ________.

gap junctions

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both have their own DNA.

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

_______ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

________ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Plant cells and animal cells share many of the same structures, but each type of cell also has unique structures. In this activity, you will indicate which cell structures are found only in plant cells, only in animal cells, or in both plant and animal cells. Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both plant cells and animal cells, drag it to the "both" bin.

Plant cell - chloroplast - cellulose cell wall - central vacuole Animal cell - centriole Both - mitochondrion - plasma membrane - cytoskeleton - nucleus - endoplasmic reticulum - golgi apparatus

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. A polysaccharide that is used to synthesize cell walls, which protect cells and help maintain their shape.

Structure: cellulose Plant or Animal: plant

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. Long fibers of protein found in the extracellular matrix that provide structural support for cells.

Structure: collagen Plant or Animal: animal

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. Membrane protein complexes that strengthen the adhesion between adjacent cells, like rivets, to protect against pulling forces.

Structure: desmosomes Plant or Animal: animal

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. Small channels that form across the plasma membranes of adjacent cells; especially important in intercellular communication.

Structure: gap junctions Plant or Animal: animal

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. Small channels between cells that are otherwise surrounded by walls; enable movement of water and solutes between cells.

Structure: plasmodesmata Plant or Animal: plant

The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once. Membrane proteins that create a watertight seal between cells.

Structure: tight junctions Plant or Animal: animal

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _________.

any eukaryotic organism.

A 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules, is associated with _______.

eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

central vacuole ... storage

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

cytoskeletal structures

The primary role of _______ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria?

endoplasmic reticulum

Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED?

microtubule; muscle contraction

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of ________.

microtubules

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?

on the plasma membrane

In an animal cell, DNA may be found _________.

only in the nucleus and mitochondria

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

smooth ER

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely ________.

producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification and sorting

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor are membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is likely to be a common component shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors?

ribosomes

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

rough ER

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using a ________.

transmission electronic microscope.

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes