chapter 4 state of consciousness

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

biological

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

chronotypes

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

social-cognitive

Cocaine is considered a _______ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

Carl jung

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ______ and inhibited by _____.

Darkness, light

Alcohol is considered a ______ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

Depressant

_____ theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnosis.

Dissociative

Which psychologist perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolve as an adaptive response to predatory risks , which are higher during periods of darkness?

Evolutionary

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD

Crack is regarded as more addictive than Cocaine because it is ______.

Snorted faster route to the brain?

What stage of sleep are you most likely to experiencing if EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and k-complexes?

Stage 2

What term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optical level, within a biological system?

Homeostasis

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes and overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrived she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from____.

Jet lag

Which of the follow is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Kicking and punching while asleep

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

Latent

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have _________.

Narcolepsy

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brains attempt to make since of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?

The activation synthesis model

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Which of the follow is not a risk factor for SIDS?

Above average birth weight

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ______ wave activity in the brain.

Alpha

obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ______.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.