Chapter 4: The Web
HTTP secure
hypertext transfer protocol secure; the protocol used to create secure connections for ecommerce by adding a layer of encryption
the concept of linking documents to each other is called WHAT
hypertext; hyperlinks
a WHAT symbol in a URL indicates a query
? question mark
HTTP methods examples
GET; POST; HEAD; PUT; DELETE; OPTIONS
a web server sends WHAT to a browser, which then displays it as a web page
HTML/source document
essential web technologies
HTML; CSS; HTTP; Browsers; URLs; Hypertext links
one of the key transport technologies for web pages is WHAT
HTTP
what is typically the name of the file that holds the main page for a web site
Index.html
to keep track of the web pages where you obtained information or images, you can highlight the web pages WHAT, copy it and then paste it into a list of sources
URL
how are URLs related to domain names
URLs contain domain names; i.e. http://www.nike.com/fitness is the URL while nike.com is the domain name
inline CSS
a cascading style sheet that is embedded among the lines of HTML in a source document
internal CSS
a cascading style sheet that is part of an HTML document, but located in a separate area (typically the head section)
external CSS
a cascading style sheet that is stored in a file separate from the HTML source document for a web page
HTTP status code
a code that is sent in reply to an HTTP command; i.e. 404 is this for page not found
world wide web
a collection of HTML documents, images, videos, and sound files that can be linked to each other and accessed over the internet using a protocol called HTTP
HTTP
a communication protocol that works with TCP/IP to get the elements for a web pages to a local browser
web hosting service
a company that provides space on a server to house web pages; i.e. GoDaddy, Amazon Web Services, Google etc.
web crawler
a computer program that is automated to methodically visit websites
source document
a file containing the HTML tags or scripts for a web page
history list
a file of recently visited web sites maintained by a browser
web site
a group of web pages accessible at a specific web address that holds a collection of information identified by a common domain name; i.e. www.cnn.com
markup language
a language that provides text and graphics formatting through the use of tags; i.e. HTML, XML, SGML
search history
a list of queries you have made in a specific search engine
link popularity
a measure of the quality and quantity of the links from one page to others; pages with links to and from popular sites tend to get high relevancy ratings
HTML document
a plain text or ASCII document with embedded HTML tags that dictate formatting and are interpreted by a browser
plugin
a program that extends a browsers ability to work with file formats; typically need to be downloaded from the web
stateless protocol
a protocol, such as HTTP, that allows one request and response per session
HTTP session
a sequence of transactions most commonly used to request data from a web server and return the files needed to display a web page in a browser window
private browsing
a service offered by many browsers that deletes the browser cache and history list
HTTP methods
a set of commands that help your browser communicate with web servers
HTML tags
a set of instructions, such as <B> inserted into an HTML document to provide formatting and display information to a web browser
cookie (HTTP)
a small chunk of data that is generated by a web server and stored as a text file in memory or on disk; can be stored on any devices that you use a browser
the text for a web page and the HTML tags is stored in WHAT
a source document
dynamic web page
a way of displaying data from a database as customized web pages; which are generated as the page is sent to the browser
hypertext
a way of organizing a collection of documents by assigning an address to each and providing a way to link from one address to another
online HTML editor
a web app that provides tools for creating HTML pages
static web page
a web page that does not change once it is displayed on the screen by a browser
search operator
a word or symbol that describes a relationship between search terms and thereby helps you create a more focused query
browser extension
adds features to a browser; different from plugins in the fact that it gives browsers more features and functionality
popular plugins
adobe reader; adobe flash player; quicktime player, and microsoft silverlight
browser tabs
allow your browser to queue up multiple web pages so that you can easily switch between them
hypertext links
also referred to as links; words, phrases, or images on a web page that when clicked, take you to designated URLs; connects web pages
what does a search engine use to rank pages before they are displayed
an algorithm
which of the following would not be considered a part of the invisible web
an article on CNN entertainment news
what does a search engine use to organize the data pertaining to web pages
an indexer
web server
an internet based computer that stores web site content and accepts requests from browsers
web page
based on an HTML source document that is stored as a file on a web server
when you incorporate web-based material in research papers, why is it not necessary to get permission from the source
because the fair use doctrine allows it
if you do not want HTML and image files from recently visited web sites to be stored on your device, delete the WHAT
browser cache
documents created with word processing software WHAT
can be converted to HTML files for the web
CSS stands for WHAT
cascading style sheets
CSS
cascading style sheets; a set of detailed style specifications for an HTML document
web browser
client software that displays web page elements and handles links between those pages
in the URL http://www.cnn.com/showbiz the domain name is WHAT
cnn.com
notepad and textedit can be used to manually enter HTML WHAT into a document
code/tags
web search engine
computer program designed to help people locate information on the web by formulating simple queries consisting of one or more words called keywords or search terms
bidirectional links
connect two documents using a two-way link that can be followed from either document
most search engines keep track of users by assigning a unique ID number, which is stored in a WHAT on the hard disk of the users device
cookie
third-party cookies
cookies set by a site other than the one that you are connected to; often set by web sites that have affiliations with wide-ranging ad-serving companies about to combine cookie data from multiple sites to create profiles of a persons browsing habits
first-party cookies
cookies set by the domain that hosts the web page
session cookies
cookies that are deleted when the browser is closed
persistent cookies
cookies that are stored on a local device and remain there when the session ends
HTML conversion utility
creates an HTML document from a conventional document, spreadsheet, or other text-based file
what is in a standard browser window
entry area for URLs and searches; navigation controls to move from page to page; refresh button; home button; settings menu; a display area for web page content
bikes.com is the WHAT
domain name
a browser WHAT such as AdBlock or the Merriam-webster online toolbar, adds features to a browser
extension
OPTIONS HTTP method
fetches a list of methods supported by the server
style ruling for displaying Heading 1 text in purple 10 point font
h1{color:purple; font-size: 10px}
what are the parts of an HTML document
head section begins with <!DOCTYPEhtml> and <head> tags followed by the <body>
search engine optimization WHAT
helps web sites get higher search engine rankings
when you use a public computer, the next person who uses it can see the web pages you visited by looking at the WHAT
history list
a search engines WHAT pulls keywords from a web page and stores them in a database
indexer
professional web designers should avoid using WHAT CSS
inline
types of style sheets
inline; internal; external
WHAT can you expect when private browsing is turned on
it will delete the browser cache, history, and cookies when I exit private browsing mode
search terms
keyword queries that you enter in one or more words related to the information you want to find
unidirectional links
links between web pages that go in one direction only; linking A to B but not B to A
sponsored links
links displayed by a search engine that have paid placements; are bumped to the top positions on the results list
<a href> is used to create WHAT is in HTML document
links/hyperlinks
predictive services
look ahead and anticipate what you might do when searching or filling out forms; may track your actions and store data about you online
blocking first-party cookies WHAT
makes it difficult to use online shopping carts
why use cookies
monitor your path through the site to keep track of pages you use; gathers information that allows a web server to present ads that are targeted to you; collects personal information that you submit to remember next time you visit the page; verifies that you have logged into a site using a valid ID and password
what are the rules for correctly typing a URL
never insert any spaces; can omit the http://; always be sure to use the correct type of slash (/); duplicate the URLs capitalization exactly
are all links URLs
no; but a link contains the URL that links to another web page
how many websites are stored on a web server
one or more
bookmarks
or favorites; feature of web browsers that save the URLs for selected web sites that you use frequently
WHAT would you expect to find in a browser cache
passwords
a WHAT such as adobe reader is a program that extends a browsers ability to work with file formats
plugin
client-side scripts
program code that is executed by a client's browser, as opposed to being executed by the server
server-side scripts
program code that is executed by a web server in response to client data
how does HTTPS protect data transmitted from web pages to web servers
public encryption key
HTTP uses WHAT encryption, which requires two keys; one to encrypt data and one to decrypt it
public key
when you enter search terms, the search engines WHAT looks for the terms in the search engines database
query processor
DELETE HTTP method
removes a specified resource
GET HTTP method
requests data from a specified source
HEAD HTTP method
requests the HTTP header only for requested data
every web page has a unique address called a uniform WHAT locator
resource
dynamic web pages are created with WHAT written in languages such as PHP and JavaScript
scripts
difference between a search engine and a search engine site
search engine is a program that works behind the scenes to gather, index, find, and rank information from the web; the search engine site provides access to the search engine
SEO
search engine optimization; making modifications to a web site to move it closer to the top of the list returned by search engines
WHAT is stored on search engine computers
search history
AND, OR, and NOT are examples of WHAT
search operators
types of cookies
session and persistent
a WHAT is deleted when you close your browser
session cookie
local HTML editors
software for creating HTML pages that is stored on a local device
search engine indexer
software that pulls keywords from a web page and stores them in an index database
do all URLs reference pages
some URLs contain a search string rather than the name of the HTML document
style rules
specifications for styles that are compiled into CSS
HTTP is a WHAT protocol so it cannot tell if a series of sessions were initiated by a single source or multiple sources
stateless
when a web server cannot determine if a series of requests comes from the same browser the protocol is WHAT
stateless
when a browser request is fulfilled, the web server sends an HTTP WHAT such as 200
status code
POST HTTP method
submits data to a specified source
what is the purpose of a web hosting service
supplying a server platform for web sites
where did the term hypertext originate
ted nelson
default browser
the browser that opens automatically when clicking links from email messages or other sources
WHAT cannot be customized
the close button
browser cache
the collection of HTML pages and images that is stored locally by a browser and used to quickly load pages that have been previously viewed without waiting for them to be downloaded again
query processor
the component of a search engine that examines keywords entered by users and fetches results that match the query
how would you summarize the security risk involved in allowing your browser to store passwords
the convenience of stored passwords is worth the small risk
browser home page
the first page displayed when the browser starts up
HTML
the markup language used to specify the contents of the web
browsers
the software used to get and display web pages
the HTML tag <h1> specifies WHAT
the style of text used as headings
the <head> section of an HTML document contains WHAT
the title, DOCTYPE declaration and the <html> declaration
content is the main emphasis for WHAT
the web
what happens at the end of an HTTP session
the web server discontinues the connection with the browser
why do web designers use dynamic web pages
they are more interesting and interactive
a WHAT cookie is not set by the domain that houses the web page displayed by the browser
third-party
WHAT is not a reason to upgrade your browser
to get a free one
today's web uses WHAT links
unidirectional
URL
uniform resource locator; the address of a web page, all unique
it is important to WHAT your browser to get patches for known security exploits
update
PUT HTTP method
uploads data to a specific web address
search engine components
web crawler; indexer; database; query processor
linkrot
web page links that no longer connect to active sites
short URLs
web site addresses that have been shortened by services such as Bitly; commonly used in tweets where there is a character limit
invisible web
websites that are not accessible to web crawlers
for which of the following is HTTPS least important
when viewing merchandise
the internet is a global data communications network whereas the WHAT is a collection of HTML documents and other linked files that are accessed using HTTP
world wide web; WWW; web
is it possible to view the cookies stored on your device
yes, you can see where the cookies are from but not exactly what they contain
do search engines keep records of queries
yes; industry analysts believe that some sites retain queries for 30 days and that at least one search engine has retained every search made at the site
if your browser cannot play a video, one reason might be that WHAT
your browser doesn't have the necessary plugin