Chapter 4-Tissue: The Living Fabric

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? cardiac smooth skeletal

Skeletal

Which tissue type is formed by many cells joining together, which are multinucleated? skeletal muscle smooth muscle dense regular cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Using your hospital's information portal, your patient reviews the report from her recent biopsy, which includes a reference to "smooth muscle." She asks you if this means her muscles are abnormal. What is the best explanation is? Smooth muscle tissue is called smooth because it moves blood and digestive secretions smoothly through the blood vessels and digestive tract. Smooth muscle tissue controls many involuntary functions. Unlike the muscles that control voluntary movement and the heart, it has no "stripes" or striations and so is "smooth." Smooth muscle tissue controls involuntary movements, including the pumping of the heart. Smooth muscle tissue is found in abundance in athletes and dancers, allowing them to move more smoothly than the average person.

Smooth muscle tissue controls many involuntary functions. Unlike the muscles that control voluntary movement and the heart, it has no "stripes" or striations and so is "smooth."

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? dendrites axon soma

Soma

True/False: All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True

True/False: Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

True

True/False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

True

True/False: Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

True

True/False: Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

True

True/False: Squamous cells are flattened and scale-like when mature.

True

Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland? a gland that secretes sweat simple glands a tubular gland a gland that secretes hormones

A gland that secretes hormones

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic cartilage or fibrocartilage? Fibers are not normally visible. It allows great flexibility. It is more vascularized. It contains more nuclei.

Fibers are not normally visible

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________. myofilaments flana stroma intercalated discs

Intercalated discs

*Diagram

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Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues. Virtually no functional regenerative ability Weak regenerative ability Moderate regenerative ability Regenerates extremely well

1. Moderate regenerative ability, Smooth muscle 2. Weak regenerative ability, Skeletal muscle 3. Virtually no functional regenerative ability, Cardiac muscle 4. Regenerates extremely well, Areolar connective tissue 5. Moderate regenerative ability, Tendons and Ligaments

Match the following terms to their definitions. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Endothelium Mucous membrane Cutaneous Serous membrane

1. Serous membrane, the epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body. 2. Mucous membrane, the epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior membrane. 3. Cutaneous consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 4. Mucous membrane, found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts. 5. Serous membrane makes up the pleura and pericardium. 6. Endothelium lines blood vessels and the heart.

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. mesenchyme fibrocartilage chondrocytes stratified epithelia reticular connective tissue

1. The middle portion of unspecialized mesoderm from which cartilage, bone, and blood develop is called mesenchyme. 2. Reticular connective tissue is the type of connective tissue that forms a structural net to support other cells. 3. Any tissues that exist in layers and form linings or coverings fall into the category of stratified epithelia. 4. The mature cells that live in cartilage and maintain the matrix around them are chondrocytes. 5. Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage with a net of collagen fibers to help resist compression and tension.

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? transport insulation support absorption

Absorption

Which of the following connective tissues is richly vascularized and consists of more cells than extracellular matrix? Areolar Hyaline cartilage Dense regular Adipose

Adipose

Which tissue type would likely function to hold the kidneys in place? smooth muscle adipose dense regular reticular

Adipose

Which type of connective tissue serves as the universal packing material between other tissues? reticular connective tissue hyaline cartilage areolar connective tissue adipose

Areolar connective tissue

Why is blood classified as a connective tissue? Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. Blood tissue contains a matrix that is very similar to that of other types of connective tissues. Blood helps to connect body parts together. Since all connective tissues are highly vascularized, blood is included as a connective tissue.

Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell.

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? fibrocartilaginous tissue areolar tissue cartilage tissue bone (osseous tissue)

Bone (osseous tissue)

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________. inflammation, regeneration, and organization regeneration, organization, and inflammation inflammation, organization, and regeneration organization, inflammation, and regeneration

Inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? skeletal smooth cardiac

Cardiac

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? cardiac and smooth muscle epithelial tissue and areolar connective tissue nervous tissue and bone cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

Which of the following is found in hyaline cartilage? macrophage fibroblast mast cell chondrocyte

Chondrocyte

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus. simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium smooth muscle ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. elastic reticular collagen muscle

Collagen

You observe a uniform tissue under a microscope. There is no lumen. The material looks densely packed, but you do not observe many nuclei. It appears that there are strands of fibers running in parallel directions. What type of tissue are you looking at? epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Which description best identifies the unique attributes of connective tissue? Connective tissues transmit signals from one part of the body to another. Connective tissues, unlike other tissues, lack blood vessels and blood. Connective tissues are hard and inflexible, whereas soft, flexible structures of the body are made up of other tissue types. Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix.

Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue? highly branched cells capable of transmitting electricity creates linings provides support and insulation

Creates linings

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type? nervous tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue muscle tissue

Epithelial Tissue

A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. Which type of tissue is being studied? dense irregular connective tissue adipose connective tissue areolar connective tissue dense regular fibrous connective tissue

Dense regular fibrous connective tissue

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________. hyaline cartilage adipose tissue elastic cartilage fibrocartilage

Elastic cartilage

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ? Exocrine glands secrete hormones. Exocrine glands use exocytosis to release their products. Endocrine glands do not use ducts. Exocrine glands can be multicellular.

Endocrine glands do not use ducts.

Blood vessels keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy. endothelium transitional epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium mesothelium

Endothelium

Which of the following is true about epithelia? Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ________. ground substance and cells fibers and ground substance cells and fibers all organic compounds

Fibers and ground substance

Which of the following accurately describe the basement membrane which underlies epithelial tissues? The basement membrane consists of connective tissue and covers the apical surface of the epithelium. The basement membrane consists of large collagen fibers which create an impermeable barrier. Epithelial cancers may have the ability to penetrate through the basement membrane and spread to underlying tissues. All of the above.

Epithelial cancers may have the ability to penetrate through the basement membrane and spread to underlying tissues.

True/False: A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

False

True/False: Adipose tissue is made up of pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells.

False

True/False: All muscle cells contain striations.

False

True/False: Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

False

True/False: Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

False

True/False: Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart.

False

True/False: Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.

False

True/False: Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

False

True/False: The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

False

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________. the undamaged cardiac muscle cells become fatigued from the energy expended during the healing process. fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting. fibrosis produces new cardiac muscle cells that are not as strong as the mature ones that died. the initial death of some cardiac muscle cells triggers a chain reaction in which progressively more and more neighboring healthy cells die.

Fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

Which of the following is NOT a step in tissue repair? formation of new stem cells inflammation restoration of blood supply regeneration and fibrosis

Formation of new stem cells

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelia? Golgi apparatus microvilli multiple nuclei lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

Which event must precede all others during tissue repair? Fibroblasts multiply and produce collagen fibers in the damaged area. Inflammation occurs in the damaged area. Epithelial cells multiply and migrate over the damaged area. Granulation tissue forms in the damaged area.

Inflammation occurs in the damaged area.

Diabetics with poor lower limb circulation often have slow-healing pressure ulcers on the bottom of their feet. In speeding up the healing process, surgical removal (debridement) of dead tissue from an ulcerative area would encourage increased __________. blood clot formation blood vessel resorption granulation tissue formation bacterial infection

Granulation tissue formation

The first step in tissue repair involves ________. replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells. inflammation proliferation of fibrous connective tissue formation of scar tissue

Inflammation

What is the ground substance in typical connective tissue matrix? dissolved bone salts. fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and mesenchyme cells. interstitial fluid, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion proteins. collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

Interstitial fluid, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion proteins

Smooth muscle __________. is under involuntary control has striations has long, cylindrical cells contains intercalated discs

Is under involuntary control

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus. It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. Its primary function is nutrient storage.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells ________. is found in some of the larger glands is more durable than all other epithelia lines most of the respiratory tract aids in digestion

Lines most of the respiratory tract

The primary blast cell for bone is the ________. osteoblast hemocytoblast fibroblast chondroblast

Osteoblast

An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a __________. multicellular compound gland unicellular simple gland unicellular compound gland multicellular simple gland

Multicellular simple gland

Besides oxygen, what other bloodborne material must be provided to the affected tissues in adequate quantities to promote normal wound healing? mucin nitrogen calcium salts nutrients

Nutrients

You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen is a single layer of epithelial cells that seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at? simple cuboidal epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium transitional epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? simple cuboidal epithelium ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? simple squamous epithelium transitional epithelium simple columnar epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another. Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. stratified squamous simple squamous simple cuboidal transitional

Stratified squamous

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion simple squamous epithelium; filtration simple columnar epithelium w/ microvilli; absorption stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

Stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

What function do transitional epithelia have? absorption filtration stretching resistance to friction

Stretching

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stratified squamous epithelia (SSE)? The basal cells of SSE are cuboidal or columnar. The epidermis is a dry epithelium consisting of non-keratinized SSE. SSE protect underlying tissues in areas subjected to wear and tear. SSE form a barrier between the internal and external environments.

The epidermis is a dry epithelium consisting of non-keratinized SSE.

Match these prefixes to their meanings. fibro- chondr- ret- mes- strat-

The prefix fibro- means fiber or fibrous. The prefix chondr- means cartilage. The prefix ret- means made like a net or web. The prefix strat- means layers. The prefix mes- means middle or intermediate.

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland? The secretory cells release their products by rupturing. The secretory cells release their products by exocytosis. Holocrine glands secrete their products through a hollow, tubular duct. The apex of the secretory cells pinches off to release their products.

The secretory cells release their products by rupturing.

True/False: A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations.

True

Chondroblasts ________. remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes. are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae. within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. never lose their ability to divide.

Within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix