Chapter 4 U.S. History Review Questions
11. Who were the Freemasons, and why were they significant?
11. The Freemasons were a fraternal society that originated in London coffeehouses in the early eighteenth century. They advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance. Masonic lodges soon spread throughout Europe and the British colonies, creating a shared experience on both sides of the Atlantic and spreading Enlightenment intellectual currents throughout the British Empire. Benjamin Franklin was a prominent Freemason.
3. What sorts of labor systems were used in the Restoration colonies?
3. Since the proprietors of the Carolina colonies were absent, English planters from Barbados moved in and gained political power, establishing slave labor as the predominant form of labor. In Pennsylvania, where prospective servants were offered a bounty of fifty acres of land for emigrating and finishing their term of labor, indentured servitude abounded.
10. Which of the following is not a tenet of the Enlightenment? A. atheism B. empiricism C. progressivism D. rationalism
A
2. What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania? A. Quakerism B. Puritanism C. Catholicism D. Protestantism
A
5. What was the Dominion of New England? A. James II's overthrow of the New England colonial governments B. the consolidated New England colony James II created C. Governor Edmund Andros's colonial government in New York D. the excise taxes New England colonists had to pay to James II
B
7. The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to ________. A. fears of a slave conspiracy in the setting of thirteen fires in New York City B. the Stono Rebellion C. the Royal African Company's monopoly D. the growing power of maroon communities
B
9. What was the First Great Awakening? A. a cultural and intellectual movement that emphasized reason and science over superstition and religion B. a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning C. a cultural shift that promoted Christianity among slave communities D. the birth of an American identity, promoted by Benjamin Franklin
B
1. To what does the term "Restoration" refer? A. the restoration of New York to English power B. the restoration of Catholicism as the official religion of England C. the restoration of Charles II to the English throne D. the restoration of Parliamentary power in England
C
12. What was the primary goal of Britain's wars for empire from 1688 to 1763? A. control of North America B. control of American Indians C. greater power in Europe and the world D. defeat of Catholicism
C
8. What was the "conspiracy" of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741? A. American patriots conspiring to overthrow the royal government B. indentured servants conspiring to overthrow their masters C. slaves conspiring to burn down the city and take control D. Protestants conspiring to murder Catholics
C
13. Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War? A. France against Indians B. Great Britain against Indians C. Great Britain against France D. Great Britain against the French and their Indian allies
D
4. Which of the following represents a concern that those in England and her colonies maintained about James II? A. that he would promote the spread of Protestantism B. that he would reduce the size of the British army and navy, leaving England and her colonies vulnerable to attack C. that he would advocate for Parliament's independence from the monarchy D. that he would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy
D
6. What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution?
James II was overthrown, and William III and Mary II took his place. The 1689 Bill of Rights limited the future power of the monarchy and outlined the rights of Parliament and Englishmen. In Massachusetts, Bostonians overthrew royal governor Edmund Andros
14. What prompted the French and Indian War?
Virginia planters, pinched by stagnant tobacco prices, wanted to expand westward. However, France contested Britain's claim to that land and built Fort Duquesne to defend it. The battle over this land sparked the war that eventually ended France's presence in North America.