chapter 40: endocrine system questions

Which hormones exert paracrine action?

estrogen and progesterone

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?

negative feedback loops

A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing?

stimulation testing

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?

negative feedback

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?

"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system?

Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells

Paracrine action involves which characteristic?

Action locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

The nurse is planning to collect a 24-hour urine sample for hormone assay. In which situation does the nurse collaborate with the health care provider to find an alternate type of testing?

Client has anuria.

After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid

Which type of imaging is preferred to evaluate the bone density of a client with hyperparathyroidism?

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan-Preferred types of scans for endocrine tissues include MRI of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, CT scan of the adrenal glands, DXA scan of bone density, and ultrasound of possible nodules of the thyroid gland. Bone density may be decreased in a client with hyperparathyroidism.

A nurse examines the laboratory values of a client in heart failure. Which value indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism?

Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone

Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors?

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?

Hypothalamus

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

As part of maintaining homeostasis, why are hormones, secreted by endocrine cells, continuously inactivated?

Prevent accumulation

A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production?

Prolactin

Which manifestation would a nurse expect when assessing a child with insufficient growth hormone (GH) secretion?

Rank below 10% on the growth chart

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Stimulation tests

A client experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which hormonal response demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?

decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

The endocrine system is closely linked with the nervous system. Which neurotransmitter can also act as a hormone?

epinephrine

Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?

increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breastfeeding

Two types of imaging studies are useful when dealing with endocrine disorders, isotopic imaging and nonisotopic imaging. What is an example of isotopic imaging?

positron emission tomography (PET)

Following a meal, a client's blood glucose level has increased. In addition, the client's pancreas has increased the amount of insulin produced and released. Which phenomenon has occurred?

Increased hormone level according to a negative feedback mechanism

An infant whose mother had myxedema during the pregnancy has failed to meet standards for growth and is developmentally delayed. Which hormonal imbalance is this child exhibiting?

Hypothyroidism- Thyroid hormone is necessary for metabolism at all ages, as well as growth and development during childhood. Uncorrected thyroid insufficiency in childhood leads to cretinism, a condition with marked physical and intellectual disability. Myxedema is the term used for thyroid insufficiency in adults.